2. NUTRITION

3. Vocabulary Words -Vocab Maps Try to organize the words below in a concept map based on your prior knowledge of the words. Balanced Diet, Calorie, Carbohydrate, Fat, Mineral, Nutrient, Nutrition, Protein, Recommended Dietary Allowance, Vitamin

4. What is Nutrition? Nutrition is how the body uses the nutrients supplied to it. Food is simply energy for the body. Nutrients = chemicals in food = fuel to energize the body Must be in balance for optimal energy What are the six main nutrients?

5. What are the 6 main nutrients? Proteins Fats Carbohydrates Vitamins Minerals Water

6. Proteins Main role: Build and repair body parts Subunits: amino acids Facts: Make up tissues - (bones, muscle,skin) Examples: meat, eggs, chicken, nuts,fish, beans % in body: Males 20% Females 18% % of daily diet: 10%

7. FATS Main role in body: 2 nd source of energy Subunit: Fatty acids Facts: stored if not used 2 types: unsaturated and saturated Which is actually better for you? UNSATURATED Examples: cooking oils, butter, salad dressings % in body: Males 18% Females 30% % in diet needed daily: 15%-30% Think ?! Why do females have more fat?

8. Carbohydrates Main role: 1 st energy source for the body Subunits: simple sugars Facts: turn into fats if eat too many and don’t burn them off Examples: breads, fruits, potatoes, cereals, pastas, vegetables % in body: 2% for both males and females % of diet needed daily: 60% When used for energy they are used up quickly

9. Water Main roles: 1.Cools the body 2.Mixes with other chemicals to allow them to dissolve 3.Carries away wastes Facts: Contains no calories but small amounts of nutrients. Some foods are up to 90% water % in the body: Males and females 50-60% % of daily diet: Should be 20% of liquid intake. Or about 2-3 Liters of water a day! (8glasses)

10. vitamins Main role: Growth and tissue repair Without enough vitamins, many chemical changes could not take place within cells Needed in very small amounts Facts: Can be obtained through pills or food RDA- recommended dietary allowance tells you how much of a vitamin you should have daily Too much of a vitamin can be damaging to your health

11. Vitamins Continued 2 Major types of vitamins: fat-soluble: - fat-soluble: stored by the body Examples: A, D, E, K water-soluble: - water-soluble: not stored by body Examples: B and C Lack of vitamins give deficiency diseases….

12. Minerals Main role: Carry out everyday body functions Examples: Iron, Calcium, Iodine, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Phosphorus When very numerous in the body considered a mineral- when it makes up very little in the body- considered trace elements. Deficiency Diseases also come from a lack of minerals……….

13. Deficiency Diseases Deficiency = a shortage of a nutrient that the body needs

14. BALANCED DIET Obtaining the right amount of each nutrient 6 Main Food groups: 1. Grains/Bread 2. Vegetables 3. Fruits 4. Milk/Dairy 5. Meats/Protein 6. Fats/Sweets

15. Number of servings for a balanced diet:

16. Calories Calorie = a measurement of energy in food Most calories come from Fats and sugars Proteins and Carbs have equal calories per equal mass of food Higher caloric foods = more energy Lower caloric foods = less energy Males 15-18 yrs. Need ~3000 cal/day Females 15-18 yrs. Need ~2000 cal/day

17. Calories and a balanced diet Calories are strictly neutral. Meaning: from an energy viewpoint it doesn't matter whether you eat a healthy 500 calorie meal (eg. meat, potatoes and vegetables) or two 250-calorie candy bars. Both offer 500 calories worth of energy. But energy/calories alone will not keep you healthy - the calories you eat must contain sufficient nutrition to maintain your organs and tissue in good health, otherwise your well-being and energy levels will suffer.

18. What determines the amount of calories you need? 1. Age 2. Weight 3. Height 4. Amount of physical activity –Do you think active or inactive people will require more calories? –ACTIVE PEOPLE! –The more energy that is need for activity = the more calories that will be needed. –Excess calories become Fat!!