1. Dr Sajida Naseem Assistant Professor Community & Family Medicine

3.  To highlight the importance of nutrition in relation to health  To enlist the common nutritional problems in Pakistan  To familiarize with National statistics related to nutrition National Nutrition Survey - 2011

4. Health & Disease

5.  Dietary fats< 30%, Saturated Fats – 10% energy intake  Proteins 15-20%  >50% calories should come from carbohydrate rich in fibre, not much refined carbohydrates  Salt intake <5g/day  Junk food intake to be reduced  Sources rich in energy as fats and alcohol should be restricted

6.  Knowledge  Iron  Zinc  Vitamin A  Vitamin D  Vitamin B  Iodine ranged from 6% -24%

7.  Malnutrition  Iron Deficiency  Iodine Deficiency  Vitamin A Deficiency  Vitamin D Deficiency  Vitamin B12 Deficiency  Zinc Deficiency  Calcium Deficiency  Fluorine Deficiency

8.  National Level: 58%  Without hunger: 28.4%  Moderate hunger: 19.8%  Severe hunger: 9.8% UrbanRural Food Insecurity52%39.4% Without hunger26.5%28.3% With moderate hunger 17.7%20.7% With severe hunger8.2%10.5%

10. PunjabSindhKPKBaluchista n FATAGB Food Insecurity 59.5%72%28.2%63.5%58.4%39.8% Without hunger 32.2%21.1%21%33.9%27.4%9.2% With moderate hunger 18.5%33.8%6%18%8.4%21.5% With severe hunger 8.8%16.8%4.5%11.5%5.8%8.9%

11.  Clinical Examination  Anthropometry  Micronutrient Deficiency  Biochemical Analysis

12.  Under nutrition is a bigger challenge

13.  Underweight Moderate: Below -2SD from median weight for age of reference population Severe: Below - 3SD from median weight for age  Wasting Moderate & Severe: below -2SD from median weight for height of reference population  Stunting Moderate & Severe: Below -2SD from median height for age of reference population

22.  Cause: Low levels of iodine in soil, high amount of refined foods.  Side effects: Mental retardation, Goitre  Daily requirement: 150micrograms / day

24.  Required for low light and colour vision  Deficiency results in Night Blindness  Sources: Carrots, liver, cod liver oil, broccoli, sweet potato, tomatoes  Daily requirement: 1300microgram /day in adults

27.  Results in Rickets in Children and Osteomalacia in adults.  Sources: Cod liver oil, Fish, Egg, milk, cheese, liver, beef.

33.  Occurs in young children, pregnant women, Breast feeding mothers and elders  Signs: Compromised immune system, diarrhoea, hair loss, loss of appetite, skin rash, sleep disturbance, impaired cognitive and motor function  Sources: wheat, oats, egg, milk, nuts, meat

36.  http://scholar.google.com.pk/scholar?hl=en& as_ylo=2012&as_vis=1&q=nutrition+research +in+pakistan&as_sdt=1%2C5&as_sdtp= http://scholar.google.com.pk/scholar?hl=en& as_ylo=2012&as_vis=1&q=nutrition+research +in+pakistan&as_sdt=1%2C5&as_sdtp  http://www.pakmedinet.com/search_new.ph p?q=nutrition+related+research http://www.pakmedinet.com/search_new.ph p?q=nutrition+related+research  http://www.aiou.edu.pk/FoodSite/INDEX.HT M http://www.aiou.edu.pk/FoodSite/INDEX.HT M