1. PCD
Objective 6.02
Understand the cognitive and moral development of children ages 3-6.

2. Theories of Cognitive Development
What does Cognitive really mean?
Intellectual thinking
Using your brain
Logical thinking
Using commonsense

3. What is a Theory? Speculation Hypothesis Guess Assumption

4. What is a Theorist? Philosopher Truth-seeker Thinker Academic Dreamer

5. Why do we need to learn about Theories?
We study Child Development Theorist
Because they studied how children learn, grow, and play
We study children
Therefore we will learn about what these theorist believe to be TRUE about children’s developmental growth
To help us better understand CHILDREN!!!

6. What Child Developmental Theorist do we study?
Howard Gardner
8 Multiple Intelligences
Jean Piaget
4 stages of development
Lev Vygotsky
Learning is social based
Maria Montessori
Children learn thru using the 5 senses, hands-on
Kohlberg
Moral Development-6 stages
Bronfenbrenner
Moral Orientation (direction)-5 stages

7. Can you guess each theorist?6 4 2
1. Piaget
2. Maria Montessori
3. Kohlberg
4. Bronfenbrenner
5. Vygotsky
6. Gardner 5 3 1

8. Howard Gardner Theory:
8 Multiple (many) Intelligences (way you think and learn)
Linguistic intelligence
sensitive to and able to easily understand and use language
Logical-mathematical intelligence
able to easily perform math operations and scientific thinking
Spatial intelligence
able to easily interpret and construct three-dimensional forms in space
Musical intelligence
recognize and learn musical rhythms, beats, and patterns easily
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
use mind to coordinate body movements
Interpersonal intelligence
understand the intentions, desires and motivations of others
Intrapersonal intelligence
understand oneself, including fears, hopes, and motivations
Naturalist intelligence
drawing from the environment, from nature

9. http://anglais. edunet

10. Jean Piaget He has 4 stages Ages 2-7=Preoperational Period
We discussed his 1st stage when we learned about Infants
Sensorimotor--Infant’s learn from their 5 senses and moving
Ages 2-7=Preoperational Period
Theory: Child think in terms of their own activities and what they perceive at the moment.
Make-believe play
Imitate real life situations
Use of symbols
Objects and words can be symbols
Egocentric viewpoint
View world in terms of their own thoughts and feelings
Limited focus
Make decisions based on own perceptions

11. Lev Vygotsky’s Theory: Learning is socially based
Parents, teachers and peers promote learning
Children play key roles in their own education
Teachers should collaborate with students rather than lecture
Students should collaborate with each other
Classroom would have tables for teamwork and small group learning

12. Maria Montessori
Theory: Children would learn naturally if placed in a prepared learning environment with the appropriate learning games.
Play games to learn how to write and strengthen muscles of the hands and fingers before writing
Focuses on the development of the senses, language and motor skills with a view to prepare a child’s mind and body for future learning.
Classroom is designed so students can learn by themselves

13. “Learning stations” arranged by subject area
Materials are within reach of children
Teacher allow independence
Never interrupting a student engaged in a task
Using the word “work” instead of “play” helps a child develop a sense of worth

14. Recommendations to support Cognitive Development
Experiences shared with adults form the basis for children’s learning
Talk with children about their world and what they are doing
Ask children questions that help them think about experiences in new ways and focus on process of play
Explanations and suggestions are helpful
Asking child’s advice promotes learning
Trips and activities are important for learning
Helping around the house provides great learning activities

15. Reading
Books provide an opportunity to learn about and understand the world.
Children who enjoy reading will find learning easier and more fun
Reading to children helps them associate reading with fun
The ability to hear phonemes is important (ou in house)---rhyming words help develop phonemes awareness
When reading a familiar book to a child stop and let child fill in sounds
Words that repeat the same sounds are called alliterations and they help develop phonemes
After learning sounds, a child can associate the sound with the letter
Important step in learning to read
Children who are bilingual (Speaks 2 languages) find it easier to learn to read.

16. Introducing Art & Music
Art helps children express their feelings, develop fine motor skills, and express their creativity.
Children should be encouraged to experiment with art materials without being corrected or criticized.
Asking a child about their work helps develop verbal skills.
Playing simple instruments helps develop child’s interest in music.
Children are intrigued by rhythm.

17. Moral Development Learning & Understanding Developing a conscience
Difference between Right Vs. Wrong
Reasons behind rules
Developing a conscience
Principles
Ethics
Different between right and wrong
“Let you conscience be your guide”
Who said this? 5 points extra credit on 6.02 test if you name the character?

18. Pinocchio's very own Jiminy Cricket sang that song in the movie.
Pinocchio's very own Jiminy Cricket sang that song in the movie.
He was reminding Pinocchio to make the right choice’s or his nose would grow very long if he told a lie!
REMEMBER NOW???? 

19. Kohlberg Theory: Moral Development-6 stages Right from wrong
Law and order
Egocentric
What is right is what benefits the self
Approval
Individual seeks to do what is right to gain the approval of others
Rules of behavior
Seeks to abide by the law and fulfill his or her duty
The individual better understands the feelings of others and develop a genuine interest in their welfare
Moral maturity
A person must be able to recognize a person’s point of view.

20. Bronfenbrenner Theory: Moral Orientation (direction)-5 stages
Self-oriented morality
wants to satisfy personal needs and desires
Authority-orientated morality
accepts decisions of authority figures about what’s good and bad
Peer-orientated morality
accepts decisions of peers about what’s right and wrong in order to conform
Collective-oriented morality
places the group’s goals and interests over personal interests
Objectively-oriented morality
accepts universal values without regard to criticism or differing opinions from some individuals

21. Recommendations to Support Moral Development
Set clear standards of behavior
Respond to inappropriate behavior
Talk about mistakes in private
Understand that children will test the limits
Consider the child’s age and abilities
It is a life long task to learn self-discipline
Continue to show love despite behavior
Model moral behavior
Children learn to follow an example
Do not send mixed messages.
Pick up language and speech patterns from others
Learn that others live by different rules
TV, movies, and other media also become role models

22. Cognitive Developmental Milestones Matching GAME
You will receive a developmental milestone
You will need to decide what age that milestone would fall under
3 year olds
4 year olds
5 year olds
6 year olds

23. Cognitive Developmental Milestones of Children 3-6
3 yr. olds
4 yr. olds
5 yr. olds
6 yr. olds
- Uses longer sentences than younger children
- Knows about 900 words
- Follows two-part directions
- Sorts by color and shape
- Speaks in complete sentences of five to six words
- Makes up stories
- Asks many when, where, how, and why questions
- Understands three-step directions
- Knows colors and shapes
- Understands same and different, top and bottom
- Uses 6-8 word sentences with correct grammar
- Understands about 13,000 words
- Learns alphabet and many letter sounds
- Recalls part of a story
- Counts up to ten objects and can sort by size
- Understands above and below, before and after
- Reads words and simple sentences
- Writes simple words
- Solves problems more effectively
- Plays pretend games
- Has longer attention span
- Understands right and left and additional time concepts

24. PCD Sample Test Questions
Objective 6.02
Understand the cognitive and moral development of children ages three through six.

25. How are the cognitive characteristics of a three-year-old different from a six-year-old?
Six-year-olds can solve problems; three-year-olds can sort red and blue blocks.
Six-year-olds recognize about 1300 words; three-year-olds recognize 200 words.
Three-year-olds can follow directions with two parts; six-year olds cannot.
Three-year-olds know colors and shapes; six-year-olds do not.
Answer = A

26. Which is an example of a preschooler in the preoperational period
Which is an example of a preschooler in the preoperational period? Five-year-old Tom:
pushes a box as an imaginary truck.
has to have the approval of his parents.
does not do creative activities.
likes to do what others do.
Answer = A

27. Five-year-old Davis enjoys being with his friend Briggs, who likes to do similar things as Davis. Which type of multiple intelligences does this illustrate?
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Linguistic
Logical-mathematical
Answer = A

28. Any Questions??????????
The End!!!!
YAH!!!! 