1. Cellular Phones by Juhan Rebane 2005

2. Topics  What is a cellular phone ?  How it works ?  What do it consists of ?  Student´s consumption.  What do students think about possible threat to environment and health ?  Possible threats to environment and health.

3. What is a cellular phone ?  Basically it is a radio.  It enables you to change information (speech, data etc.)  Nowadays the function of cellular phones is more sophisticated. There are phones that look more like computers or cameras than phones.

4. Haier PenPhone Qtek 2020i

5. How it works ?  Cellular phone technology works on a system of geographically separated zones called "cells."  Each cell has its own "base station" that both receives and emits radio waves.  When a call is placed from a cellular phone, a signal is sent from the cell phone antenna to that cell's base station antenna.

6. How it works ?  The base station responds to the cellular phone signal by assigning the phone an available radio frequency channel.  When the RF channel is assigned, modulated radio signals are simultaneously received and transmitted, allowing voice information to be carried between the cell phone and the base

7. How it works ?  The base station transfers the call to a switching center, where the call can be transferred to a local telephone carrier or another cell phone  Cellular phones operate with radio frequencies, a form of electromagnetic energy located on the electromagnetic spectrum between FM radio waves and the waves used in microwave ovens, radar, and satellite stations.

8. Electromag netic Spectrum

9. What do they consist of  If you take a cell phone apart, you find that it contains just a few individual parts: An amazing circuit board containing the brains of the phone An antenna A liquid chrystal display (LCD) A keyboard A microphone A Speaker A battery

10. The microprocessor The cell-phone speaker, microphone and battery backup The front of the circuit board

11. Consumption  It is assumed that there are about 1.6 billion cell phones all over the world  It is assumed that there are about one million cellular phones in Estonia.  Most of our high school students have cellular phones.  We had a survey – 49 studets had and only 1did not have a cellular phone.

12. How often high school students buy a new cell phone

13. Reasons for changing cell phone

14. Consumption  Most of students monthly consumption is between 100 – 300 EEK (6 - 18€)  90 % of students use SMS  18 % of students use MMS  22 % of students use WAP/GPRS

15. What students do with old cellular phones ?

16. Student´s opinion is that cellular phone technology is … to health and environment.

17. Possible threats to environment and health  Current scientific evidence indicates that exposure to RF fields, such as those emitted by mobile phones and their base stations, is unlikely to induce or promote cancers  Scientists have reported other effects of using mobile phones including changes in brain activity, reaction times, and sleep patterns. These effects are small and have no apparent health significance

18. Possible threats to environment and health  Driving: Research has clearly shown an increased risk of traffic accidents when mobile phones (either handheld or with a "hands-free" kit) are used while driving.  Electromagnetic Interference: When mobile phones are used close to some medical devices (including pacemakers, implantable defibrillators, and certain hearing aids) there is the possibility of causing interference.

19. Possible threats to environment and health  Near some base stations the RF fields exceed exposure limits.  Current mobile phone systems operate at frequencies between 800 and 1800 MHz. It is important not to confuse such RF fields with ionizing radiation, such as X-rays or gamma rays. Unlike ionizing radiation, RF fields cannot cause ionization or radioactivity in the body. Because of this, RF fields are called non-ionizing.

20. Used links  www.who.com  www.howstuffworks.com  www.germandia.ee

22. Electromagnetic Spectrum