1. HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Section 4
The Popular Revolution & Art Movements of the 20th Century

2. The Popular Revolution
Invention of the half-tone printing process in the 1880’s
Allowed pictures to be printed in newspapers and magazines
Broke down images into series of dots, when viewed comprise our picture
Allowed pictures to become part of everyday life
Communicated story more effectively than just words alone
George Eastman and the Kodak Company (1880’s)
Invented the modern photographic industry
Pioneered Roll film (LSM)
Put affordable cameras in the hands of everyday people
Allowed people to record everyday life – and the “snapshot” is born

3. George Eastman Became interested in Photography and sold “dry plates”
Introduced “roll film” (1888) and later “transparent film” (1889)
Kodak Company revolutionizes photography as an industry
George Eastman aboard SS Galia-1890 (Kodak #2 snapshot-albumen print)

4. The Original Kodak camera
Eastman Dry Plate and Film Co.- June 1888
Had Barrel shutter
$25 retail price
50 or 100 image paper roll film
Circular image
“You press the button, we’ll do the rest”

5. The Original “Brownie”
Eastman Kodak Co
Patent Date-4/11/1899
Production dates:
117 exposure roll film

6. The “Brownie Revolution” (1900-1950’s)
Brownie #1 camera (above)
ONLY $1 IN PRICE
production
117 exposure roll film
Kodak snapshot-(right)
Samuel Castner Jr.
(1890)

7. More “Brownies” #2 Brownie- Eastman Kodak Co. (1904)
Production
120 exposure roll film
#3 Folding Brownie-Model D (1909)
Eastman Kodak Co.
production
124 exposure roll film
Original Price $9-11

8. (back to artistic movements) THE PHOTO SECESSION
Movement to break away from the Pictorialists
Ideology: PHOTOGRAPHY IS ART, BUT NO MANIPULATION IS NECESSARY
Photographic work can stand on its own as art - as long as photographer approaches it in an artistic way, using the conventions of art.

9. Alfred Steiglitz Father of Modern Photography
Started out as pictorialist, but thought manipulation was not necessary to create artful photography
Opened gallery 291
Promote art, and photography (often together)
Emphasis on design concepts such as composition, shape, form, etc.
Published “Camera Work” to promote the new art of photography. Established new modern aesthetic.
Sunlight and Shadows-1889

10. Alfred Steiglitz
The Terminal-1893
Venetian Boy-1887

11. Alfred Steiglitz
Night, NY-1896
The Steerage-1907

12. Alfred Steiglitz
Spring Showers, NY- 1901
Flat Iron Building NY- 1903

13. Alfred Steiglitz Winter, Fifth Avenue--1893
Georgia O’Keefe-Hands and Thimble
-1919

14. Alfred Steiglitz
Mountains and Sky, Lake George -1924
Equivalent-1931

15. STRAIGHT PHOTOGRAPHY
Movement led by Paul Strand- Straight forward approach
Focus is on composition, shape, line, and form
Image is sharp, and in focus (no more blurry, soft-focus images)
Beauty in everyday objects when captured by the artist’s eye
Movement mirrored similar modernist movements in other art forms

16. Paul Strand White Picket Fence -1916

17. Paul Strand
City Hall Park, NY-1915
Wall Street -1915

18. Paul Strand
The Family
Blind-1916

19. Paul Strand
The Lathe #
Leaves II

20. Imogen Cunningham

21. Imogen Cunningham

22. Imogen Cunningham

23. Edward Weston
Cabbage Leaf

24. Edward Weston
Considered one of the most innovative and influential American photographers; and one of the greatest photographers who ever lived
Developed a quintessentially American, and especially Californian, approach to modern photography
Focused on the people and places of the American West
Began as a pictorialist, then abandoned for a highly detailed photographic images

25. Edward Weston

26. Edward Weston

27. Edward Weston
Pepper No. 30
Two Shells

28. Edward Weston

29. Ansel Adams Considered a ‘straight’ photographer Member of Group f/64
Seven San Francisco photographers who all believed in sharp, in-focus images (particularly from a western American viewpoint)
Great Landscape Photographer
Used burning/dodging to make pictures higher in contrast and drama

30. Ansel Adams
Mono Lake
Lake Macdonald

31. Ansel Adams
Mt. McKinley
Minarets

32. Ansel Adams Clearing After Storm

33. Ansel Adams “Clearing in Winter”

34. Ansel Adams Grand Tetons

35. Ansel Adams Moonrise, Hernandez

36. Ansel Adams Winter Sunrise

37. Ansel Adams Moon and Half-Dome

38. Ansel Adams Oak Tree, Snowstorm