1. INTERNATIONAL POLICY CONFERENCE “COMPETITIVENESS & DIVERSIFICATION: STRATEGIC CHALLENGES IN A PETROLEUM- RICH ECONOMY” Negotiating Skills for Conflict Resolution Sir Stewart Eldon 14 – 15 march 2011, Accra, Ghana

2. Negotiating Skills for Conflict Resolution Sir Stewart Eldon KCMG OBE Accra 15 March 2011

3. The Substance Position: What they say Interests: What they want and need Opposed Positions sometimes conceal Compatible Interests that are the Basis for a Settlement

4. A Good Outcome (Harvard Negotiating Program) Is better than your Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement Satisfies your interests well, the other side’s acceptably and others’ tolerably enough to be durable. Is an elegant no-waste solution among the best of many options Is legitimate for all – no one should feel taken in Includes commitments that are well planned, realistic & operational Involves an efficient process with effective communication, that Builds the kind of relationship you want with other stakeholders

5. People Negotiation is all about People The Problem & the People dealing with it are two different things Get to know them!

6. Style, Networks and Frameworks Reach out – know the game A Softer style is often more helpful than a harder one. Be tough on the problem & soft on the people Set the framework: Negotiation Mediation Arbitration

7. Playing the System UN Special Session against Apartheid 1989 Aim of Consensus Declaration Normal procedure EU Pre-Coordination of positions, represented to others by the Presidency. Unacceptable to Thatche r Govt. UNGA Working Group, chaired by NZ PermRep, eventually allowed French Presidency + UK and DK sitting behind. Declaration eventually adopted by Consensus after three nights of Working Group argument.

8. The Conflict Cycle

9. Pressures of Negotiating Conflict

10. Whole of Government Approach Very helpful in deciding a Strategic Outcome Allows horizon-scanning for additional Levers Needs good Internal Co-ordination Ultimate arbiter the Head of Government National vs International Balance Central vs Locally-directed Efforts

11. Indicators of Success Comprehensive, including Political, Economic, Security & Social Policy Benchmarks Both Short and Long-term Give special weight to Integrity of State Institutions

12. Security & Defence Sectors Can have disproportionate effect in successful dispute resolution, even if force not involved. Government’s eyes and years Provide stability necessary to support Development & Economic growth But must operate with the consent of the public

13. Counter-Corruption Effective Counter-Corruption efforts enable progress in Security, Governance, Development & Exploitation of Mineral Resources Impacts on both Public & Private Sectors Reinforces Integrity of State Institutions, and therefore Stability Measurable, and a good Success Indicator

14. Success is Possible

15. Questions?