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WORLD GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 4 NOTES SECTION 1 RESOURCES AND LAND USE
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I. WORLD RESOURCES **THERE ARE MANY KINDS OF RESOURCES: ** Capital Resources Money and machines used to produce goods & services ** Human Resources Humans who perform various tasks and their skill.
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A. NATURAL RESOURCES -2 types ** These are materials in the natural environment that people give great value to and to satisfy their needs,
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I) RENEWABLE RESOURCES RESOURCES THAT ARE CONSTANT OR ARE REGENERATED BY THE EARTH. EXAMPLES OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES MIGHT BE: a. SOIL b. WATER THRU RAIN AND SNOW c. SUNLIGHT d.WIND **RENEWABLE RESOURCES CAN BE INTERRUPTED BY MAN. AN EXAMPLE OF THIS MIGHT BE AN OIL SPILL AT SEA.
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2) NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES A RESOURCE THAT CANNOT BE REPLACED WHEN IT IS USED. FOSSIL FUELS ARE THOSE FORMED FROM THE REMAINS OF ANCIENT PLANTS AND ANIMALS. EXAMPLES OF NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES MIGHT BE: a. COAL, b. NATURAL GAS c. OIL **ALSO MOST MINERALS (ALUMINUM, GOLD, IRON, COPPER ETC) ** MAN CAN LIMIT USE OF NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES THRU PROGRAMS LIKE RECYCLING.
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II. ENERGY SOURCES A. FOSSIL FUELS-THE MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY AT THIS TIME. ** CONTROL OF FOSSIL FUELS WILL DETERMINE IF YOUR COUNTRY HAS THE ABILITY TO GROW IN INDUSTRY. ** POLITICAL TENSIONS AND WARS WILL RESULT OVER CONTROL OF FOSSIL FUELS. EXAMPLES OF FOSSIL FUEL MIGHT BE: a. COAL b.OIL c.NATURAL GAS
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ENERGY SOURCES B. NUCLEAR ENERGY CREATES VAST AMOUNTS OF ELECTRICITY THROUGH NUCLEAR FISSION **MANY PROBLEMS / CONCERNS ABOUT NUCLEAR ENERGY: 1) Dangers of leaks and explosions 2) Toxic or dangerous wastes 3) Uses up a non renewable source (Uranium) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnjGYHOePu0
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C. HYDROELECTRIC POWER POWER OF RUNNING WATER TO CREATE ELECTRICITY. ** USE OF WATER, A RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE ** CREATE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS. EXPENSIVE TO BUILD AND CREATE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEL7yc8 R42khttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEL7yc8 R42k
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D. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY USE INTERNAL HEAT OF EARTH’S CORE TO CREATE POWER (ELECTRICITY) TO HEAT AND COOL BUILDINGS ** COMMON IN AREAS WITH VOLCANIC ACTIVITY--ICELAND http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfUQy8 6ZMpQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfUQy8 6ZMpQ
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E. SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTING AND STORING SUN’S ENERGY IN CELLS ** USE OF A RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE EXPENSIVE TO FIRST CREATE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IvLljPClS- 0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IvLljPClS- 0
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III. DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES A) RESOURCES AND ENERGY SOURCES ARE NOT EQUAL THROUGHOUT THE EARTH. ** POPULATION CENTERS(BIG CITIES) ARE LOCATED NEAR RESOURCES AND ENERGY SOURCES.**WHEN YOU DON’T HAVE THE RESOURCES THEN YOU HAVE TO TRADE FOR WHAT YOU NEED.
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CHAPTER 4 NOTES SECTION 2 IV. WORLD ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES A. PRIMARY ACTIVITIES--ANY ACTIVITY THAT RELIES DIRECTLY ON NATURAL RESOURCES. EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY ACTIVITIES MIGHT BE:a. FARMING-CONSIDERED THE MOST IMPORTANT!! b.FISHING c. MINING d. LUMBER ** THE EARLIEST PRIMARY ACTIVITY WAS HUNTING AND HERDING.
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PRIMARY ACTIVITY TODAY ** SUCCESS OF PRIMARY ACTIVITIES IS BASED ON KNOWING ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT AND REGION YOU LIVE IN! ** IN POOR NATIONS OVER 50% FARM, WHILE IN NATIONS LIKE U.S. ONLY ABOUT 10% FARM. ** POOR NATIONS PRACTICE SUBSISTENT FARMING--GROWING ENOUGH FOR THEIR OWN FAMILY TO SURVIVE. (Called “SURVIVAL FARMING”) ** WEALTHY NATIONS PRACTICE COMMERCIAL FARMING--PRODUCING ENOUGH PRODUCTS TO SELL FOR PROFIT.
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SECONDARY ACTIVITIES USING RAW MATERIALS TO PRODUCE NEW MATERIALS OF A GREATER VALUE (EXAMPLE:TURNING LUMBER INTO FURNITURE) 1) COTTAGE INDUSTRY- a)Located near homes b) Small industries in size, c)Little technology-- Producing something by hand 2) COMMERCIAL INDUSTRY Located in Big Cities a) Large factories b) Production of manufactured goods (clothing, cars, and appliances)
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C. TERTIARY ACTIVITIES SERVICE INDUSTRIES--People perform a job or task EXAMPLES OF TERTIARY ACTIVITIES MIGHT BE: a.DOCTORS b.FIREMEN c.SALESPEOPLE D. Car Mechanic E. Policeman
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D. QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES GATHER, PROCESS AND SHARE INFORMATION. EXAMPLES OF QUARTERNARY ACTIVITIES MIGHT BE: a.POLITICIAN b.SCIENTIST c.TEACHER D. Lawyers E. News Anchors
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V. GLOBAL TRADE PATTERNS A. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS-DEVELOPS WHEN A NATION HAS A SURPLUS OR SHORTAGE OF PRODUCTS **EXPORTS--PRODUCTS & GOODS SENT OUT OR TRADED OUT OF THE COUNTRY. **IMPORTS--PRODUCTS OR GOODS PURCHASED AND BROUGHT INTO THE COUNTRY.
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GLOBAL TRADE PATTERNS B. A TRADE BALANCE-A FAVORABLE BALANCE BETWEEN IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. **COUNTRIES WANT TO HAVE MORE EXPORTS THAN IMPORTS **TOO MANY IMPORTS HURTS THE ECONOMY. **TAXES CALLED --TARIFFS CAN LESSEN IMPORTS ( A tariff is a tax on any product imported into the country!)
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C. TRADE ROUTES METHODS AND WAYS TO ESTABLISH TRADE ** DETERMINED BY GEOGRAPHY, TRANSPORTATION, AND RELATIONS WITH A TRADE PARTNER. **ELECTRONIC TRADING IS BECOMING VERY IMPORTANT
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VI. LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT A. ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND TRADE PATTERNS **DETERMINES THE LEVEL OF A COUNTRY’S DEVELOPMENT ** COUNTRIES WITH LITTLE TRADE OR ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ARE CALLED UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES ** COUNTRIES THAT SHOW ECONOMIC PROGRESS ARE CALLED DEVELOPED OR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
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LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT ADVANCED ECONOMIC COUNTRY A COUNTRY THAT PRACTICES OR USES ADVANCED TOCHNOLOGY. GLOBAL ECONOMICS –WORLD WIDE INDUSTRY AND TRADE.
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