1. SSWH2 The student will identify the major achievements of Chinese and Indian societies from 1100 BCE to 500 CE. c. Describe the development of Chinese civilization under the Zhou and Qin.

2. The Chou Dynasty (review) (c. 1100-221 B.C.)  Chou originated west of the Hwang Hu’s great river bend.  Ruled as coordinators of regional (feudal) kingdoms rather than as a central govt.  military force determined strength of rulers  Conflict led to decline into the "Period of the Warring States" (403-221 B.C.).  Vast majority of peasants lived on farms in family compounds  Silk was their most important product  Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism begin

3. Classical Imperial China  Qin Dynasty – China united by war and controlled by legalist ruler for 20 years  Han Dynasty – Empire China ruled by Confuscian govt that brought freedom, prosperity, invention and trade to China

4. Qin (Ch’in) Dynasty 221-206 B.C.E.  China is named after this dynasty (Ch’in = Qin = China)  China was conquered and united by Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  China’s first emperor

5. Emperor Qin?  The origin of names is often impossible to track down precisely  The name was in use long before the First Qin Emperor.  The Chinese have never used 'China' as the name for their own country.  There names used include 'Zhongguo' (literally central kingdom) used even before the Qin dynasty; 'Zhonghua' (literally central prosperity) and 'Han' (after the Han dynasty).

6. The First Emperor was the First Chinese Emperor  claimed to be the First Qin Emperor - the first of a new dynasty.  He controlled the Empire of the state of Qin not a new nation.  Some look back into the preceding Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties for a preceding 'Chinese' Emperor  Some choose the mythical Yellow Emperor.

7. Politics  The Qin dynasty adopted Legalism.  Effective but cruel laws  Political opponents were imprisoned or executed.  Increased the size and power of the govt bureaucracy  censorate acted as spies on the govt officials  Large and powerful military  He extended the empire w/ ruthless military

8. Economy  Abolished feudal estates Empire owns land and all people  standardized monetary system  Improved and standardized road system.  weights and measures were standardized  Massive public building projects Great Wall of China Emperor’s tomb (terra cotta army)

9. Religion/Philosophy  Legalism  Emperor treated like a divine being  Confucians and Taoists persecuted  Ancestor worship common

10. Social Life  Commoners made up over 90% of the population rarely left their village  fathers' employment passed to eldest son  Strict laws kept good order  Military leaders were most important social class  Often peasants treated like slaves for large building projects  Women were treated as property

11. Intellectual Developments  Books that opposed the official views were burned.  Excellent bronze weapons  Terra cotta army  Great Wall  Standardized the writing system in size and shape.

12. The First Emperor killed all the scholars?  It is not clear how many scholars were killed.  Most likely Han Dynasty made it up to quash Qin loyalty  Most likely: a group of scholars angry by new reforms plotted a revolution and they were put to death for treason

13. Art  Bronze work continued  Clay for art and pottery