1. Internal Brain Structures Unit 2 Lesson 4

2. Objectives Identify organization, function, and location of major brain structures. Explain how damage would impact function.

3. Review Neurons Nervous System Cerebral Cortex  2 halves  4 lobes each side

4. Review Cont… Which hemisphere?  Right side of body?  Creativity, art & music?  Following directions?  Talking and writing?  Left side of body?  Picking people out of a crowd? Which lobe?  Reasoning, movement?  Vision?  Sensory info?  Hearing and memory? Communication between halves?  When damaged/severed?

5. Internal Structures of Brain Begins as a tube of tissue Brain organized into three main parts:  Hindbrain  Midbrain  Forebrain

6. Hindbrain

7. Brainstem  Where spinal cord meets brain; includes following structures: Medulla (Oblongata)  Regulates vital functions rate, blood flow, respiration  Role in sleep, sneezing, coughing, vomiting Pons  Transmits info about body movement  Role in attention, sleep, respiration Reticular Activating System (RAS)…  EEG arousal  Sleep/wake cycle (midbrain) Cerebellum  “Little Brain”  Balance, posture, muscle coordination

8. Midbrain- A Bit Player Control of eye movement Involuntary muscle tone RAS…sleep/wake cycle

9. Forebrain

10. Thalamus  Relays incoming sensory info to the cortex Hypothalamus  Control ANS and endocrine system  Maintains homeostasis  Sets drives (thirst, hunger, desire) Pituitary Gland  Master Gland…more later Limbic System  Emotional expression…  Hippocampus- long-term memory, learning  Amygdala- attach emotion to event, mediates aggressive behavior Cerebrum  80% of forebrain  Divided into 2 hemispheres, connected by corpus callosum, and 4 lobes  Responsible for higher mental functions (ex: thought)  Covered by cerebral cortex

11. Brain Activities: Match the structure to its function as a review. Use your book to guess what could happen if each area is damaged.

12. The Minds of Girls Larger corpus callosum- Leads to more cross talk between hemispheres. Stronger neural connections- Leads to better listening skill, more richly detailed memory Larger hippocampus- Increases girls learning advantage esp. in language arts. Prefrontal cortex is more active- making them less impulsive.

13. The Minds Of Boys Have more cortical areas dedicated to spatial-mechanical functioning- Makes boys want to move around, throw and object Less serotonin and oxytocin- Makes boys more impulsive. Boys lateralize brain activity- Boys compartmentalize learning. Less multitasking.

14. Closure What are the three main parts of the brain?