1. 1D & 2D Spaces for Representing Data Mao Lin Huang

2. 1-D Representation of Data

3. 1-D Textual Data

4. Keyhole Problem No context Lost, disoriented Where am I? Where can I go? Where do I want to go? How do I get there?

5. Visual Overview Map, organization (spatial layout of concepts) What information is (not) available? Adds context info, relationships Enables direct access Encourages exploration HCI metrics: Improves user performance, learning time, error rates, retention, satisfaction

6. Navigation Approaches Detail Only Zooming Overview+Detail Focus+Context (Distortion, fisheye)

7. 1D Visual Representation Plaisant, “Lifelines”, pp 285 See personal history Mackinlay, “Perspective Wall”, web

8. 1D Visual Representation Eick, “SeeSoft”, p 419 »Analyze 50,000 lines of code simultaneously by mapping each line of code into a thin row. Eick, “Data Visualization Sliders”, p 251 (2 pages)

9. Navigation Strategies Detail Only Zooming Overview+Detail Focus+Context (Distortion, fisheye)

10. Fisheye Menus http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/fisheyemenu/ Very Fast due to mouse mechanics, no clicking, mostly vertical sliding Alphabet overview helpful Fisheye context not useful in this case? Might be more useful in SeeSoft where miniature representation gives important information Limits # of readable items to ~10 Wasted space at top- and bottom- right Distortion problematic? Alphabet overview distorted at A and Z Scale limited? Possible improvement: Same alphabet overview (without end distortion) Remove fisheye, maximize readable items like scrolling version Same fast mouse mechanics, scroll fast on left, no scroll on right

11. Music Animation Machine Good for visualizing music during serial playback, relate audio to visual structure Visualizing entire compositions: increase information density See patterns of phrases, instruments, etc.

12. 2-D Representation of Data

13. 2-D Image browsing Maps

14. Today Bederson, “Pad++”, p 530 » a zooming graphic interface to replace icon-based window interface Furnas, “Space-Scale Diagrams”, web

15. Space-Scale

16. Pad++ on edge Like ray-tracing Info surface window zoom

17. Semantic Zooming Zooming in, red object turns to blue

18. Multiple Views Zoom factor ~ 20

19. Multiple levels = large scale Zoom factor = 20 * 20 * 20 = 8000

20. Multiple Foci

21. Multiple Overviews Can have different information types at each level

22. 2-D + Attributes Dynamaps: dynamic queries on maps

23. 2-D: Focus+Context Representation of Data

24. 2-D Robertson, “Document Lens”, p 562 » Spence, “Bifocal Lens”, p 331,333

25. Focus+Context Details within overview “Distortion-oriented display” “Fisheye” Leung, Apperley, “Taxonomy of distortion- oriented presentations”, book pg 350

26. Visual Transfer Functions Information surface Display surface Identity function = normal flat overview Bifocal

27. Magnification Functions 1 st Derivative

28. Bifocal Display Spence, Apperley

29. Bifocal Display Disadvantage: 1 dimensional stretching on the 4 sides

30. Perspective Wall / Document Lens

31. NonLinear Magnification http://www.cs.indiana.edu/hyplan/tkeahey/research/nlm/nlm.html http://www.cs.indiana.edu/hyplan/tkeahey/research/papers/infovis.98.html

32. “Bubble” Disadvantage: local context highly de-magnified

33. “Fisheye”, “wide-angle lens” Disadvantage: no flat area

34. Quiz: TableLens Bifocal!

35. Fisheye Menus Non-linear: combination of Bubble + fisheye

36. Why not magnifying glass? Hides local context

37. F+C vs. O+D + Space efficient + Detail connected to context Smooth transition + matches human vision/processing? - Distortion - Longer learning time - no flat overview - Need a way to turn off focus - Content moves differently than mouse - hard to tell zoom factor + Scales up to larger data (zoom factor and chaining) + Multi foci easier + multiple overviews possible + Easy to implement, Less math! Fast system performance - >=2 places to look (cross-eyed!) Tracking field-of-view box hard Hand-eye coordination problem - detail and overview disconnected - Windows/space management - replicates detail data in overview