1. School Governance and Finance Chapter 14

2. Local School District Governance Local School Board answers to the Community District Administrators report to the Board and oversee Teachers and Staff through Principals who have the day to day control of teachers…parents interact with teachers and principals Site-based management creates shared decision making at the school level

3. Administrator Roles Principals have primary responsibility for managing all the day to day operations of their schools. Principals are instructional leaders as well, assess teacher competency, lead school wide management and discipline decisions Superintendents are the chief executive officers of districts and manage planning, staffing, budgeting, evaluating, and reporting

4. State Authority Statewide academic standards Mandated testing Failing school districts Increased regulation State Legislature enacts laws that State Courts interpret and Governors oversee and prescribe to State Boards of Education who oversee State Departments of Education who dictate to Local School Districts

5. Federal Influence Throughout history, the federal influence has been expanding Department of Education originated in 1867 and largely collected information on teaching and schools initially Currently 5,000 employees with a budget of $42 billion In 1980, Dept. of Education became a cabinet level position

6. The No Child Left Behind Act January, 2002 signed by President Bush Designed to help low income and minority students perform at the same achievement levels as their peers. Law requires states and school districts to test students to assess academic skills in grades 3 through 8 Testing is linked to higher teacher qualifications and strict sanctions when schools fail to improve test scores of students

7. Other Groups Shaping Educational Policies Business Organizations…need for highly skilled workers has led to more business/education partnerships Special Interest Groups…work to influence education’s direction locally and nationally College faculty…shape education through preparing future teachers Professional Education Associations…lobby for better schooling and help identify best practice

8. Sources of Funding for Education State and Local Support…primary source of funding is property taxes, State assistance comes from sales tax and/or state income tax Federal Funding…under 7% of total, often categorical aid pushing an agenda

9. Recent Funding Options Schools for profit…private enterprises taking over failing schools School district foundations…receive gifts from individuals and corporations Booster clubs…single school focus User fees…certain services such as driver education, athletics Leasing facilities…to community organizations Advertising on school property…buses, homework, television programming broadcast in schools