1. I. PARTS OF THE SENTENCE

2. A. Subject and Predicate 1. Subject=a noun/pronoun OR a phrase (group of words) functioning as a noun a. The students are sitting in their desks b. Learning grammar is their task today. 2. Predicate=must include a verb; may include a Direct Object (DO), Indirect Object (IO), Predicate Adjective (PA), or Predicate Noun (PN) 3. These are essential parts of the sentence—if we took them out, it would not make sense.

3. B. Sentence Patterns 1. S-AV Jane ran. 2. S-AV-DO I painted the door. 3. S-AV-IO-DO I gave her the money. 4. S-LV-PA She is sad. 5. S-LV-PN She is my sister. **All elements are essential in order for the sentence to make sense.

4. C. Modifiers 1. Nonessential elements—they can be taken out and it will still make sense a. Adjectives—modify nouns/pronouns i. Answer: Which? What kind? How many? **do not usually end in –ly; good is an adj. b. Adverbs—modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs i. Answer: How? When? Where? Why? **usually end in –ly; well is an adv.