1. HEALTH EEFECTS and FINDINGS from EVALUATION of POLLUTANT’S MEASUREMENTS in SOUTHWAEST BULGARIA Meeting Thessaloniki, Greece, 30 th of November 2015 Prof. Yoncho Pelovski IMC-BAS-BSECEE

2. Calculated average indoor concentrations of chemical pollutants in the selected sites in Bulgaria Calculations are done on the base of collected data during to step samplings and analysis in Bulgarian laboratory with accreditation according the requirements of standard for best laboratory practice. BTEX pollutants for selected areas are as follows: - Formaldehyde - Acetaldehyde - Benzene - Toluene - Xylene - Ethyllbenzene

3. Indoor average concentrations in some affected areas, mg/m3 Place Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde Benzene Kurdjaly – Hristo Botev 45.16 35.42 2.34 Kurdjaly - P.Slaveykov33.79 16.08 2.22 Shiroko Pole – Ivan Vazov 54.52 38.94 5.90 Zlatograd – Mir24.46 22.87 4.16 Haskovo – I. Petkanchin 50.89 30.48 3.33 Haskovo – Zvunche 17.11 17.77 4.96 Karamanci – Hr. Botev 64.16 3.78 2.36 Blagoevgrad – ODZ-4 8.36 1.44 6.14 Blagoevgrad – ODZ-3 10.33 3.29 4.37

4. Indoor average concentrations in some affected areas, mg/m3 Place Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde Benzene Sandanski – ODZ-1 D.Gabe 9.17 0.54 < Sandanski – Radost < 0.21 <0.213.44 Bansko – Zdravez 12.39 0.95 2.57 Filipovo –SDG 23.71 2.48 < Eleshniza – Nadejda <0.13 <0.21 < Goce Delchev - ODZ Bresichka 10.59 0.36 < Goce Delchev – Y. Sandanski <0.13 <0.21 4.33 Formaaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Benzene rezults for Summer winter are in next slides

5. Formaldehyde –Summer –Winter results

8. On the base of analysis data and assessment made conclusions are as follows: -Pollutants to be taken in consideration are Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde and Benzene; -The content of Toluene, Xylenes and Ethylbenzene is under the sensitivity of used equipment and method; -Summer time the measured concentrations are slightly less then that during Winter time – that is explained with time difference, climate differences and ventilation’s frequency; -Higher concentrations for Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde are observed in the rooms in South-East part, where the improvements and new insulations were done recently; -INTERA platform for simulation exposure rate of children up to 15 years

9. CALCULATIONS INTERA-PLATFORM – CHILDREN UNDER 15 YEARS UPTAKE - GOCE DELCHEV

10. * CALCULATIONS INTERA-PLATFORM – CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS UPTAKE - ZLATOGRAD

11. CALCULATIONS INTERA-PLATFORM – CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS UPTAKE - KARAMANCI

12. CALCULATIONS INTERA-PLATFORM – CHILDREN UNDER 15 YEARS UPTAKE - BLAGOEVGRAD

13. CALCULATIONS INTERA-PLATFORM – CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS UPTAKE - SANDANSKI

14. CALCULATIONS INTERA-PLATFORM – CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS UPTAKE - HASKOVO

15. CALCULATIONS INTERA-PLATFORM – CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS UPTAKE – SHIROKO POLE

16. INTERA PLATFORM – OTHER RESULTS * FOR ALL SITES WHERE CHILDREN ARE CALCULATIONS ARE DONE FOR: - BOYS AND GURLS; - AGE UP TO 5 AND UP TO 15; - FOR FORMALDEHYDE, ACETALDEHYDE AND BENZENE OBTAINED RESULTS: - RATE OF UPTAIKING - DOSE OF UPTAKE; - CONCENTRATION IN PLASMA

17. INTERA PLATFORM – MAIN FINDINGS * - DOSES OF UPTAKING ARE IN CORRELATION WITH THE CONCENTRATION MEASURED FOR THE SITES SELECTED; * - RATE OF UPTAKING DEPENDS ON AGE AND AND TIME * - FEMALE ARE MORE SENSITIVE TO THE POLLUTANTS CONCENTRATIONS * - HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS ARE TYPICALFOR SOUTH-EAST PART OF SITES

18. ASSESSMENT AND COMPARISON OF RADIATION POLLUTION On the base of Legal Acts in force in Bulgaria – Limit requirements: * Regulation - State Gazette 76 from 2012 * Limits for Radon in Bulgaria are as follows: - Annual average of Radon in Air - 200 Bq.m-3 for new living and public buildings; - Annual average of Radon in Air - 300 Bq.m-3 for existing living and public buildings; - Annual average of Radon in Air - 1000 Bq.m-3 for working places.

19. Calculated average content of Radon [ Bq.m-3 ] indoor passive measurements during project *original data from IMC Place June 2015 October 2015 Average ====================================================== Kurdjali, H.Botev 137.1 144.2 141 Kurdjali, P.Slaveikov 155.3 163.6 159 Kurdjali, Dormitory 146.6 154.7 151 Shiroko Poleq I.Vazov 146.6 152.6 149 Zlatograd, Mir 155.9 164.7 160 Zlatograd, Hotel 172.7 182.6 178 Zlatograd, Hospital 153.6 162.4 158

20. Haskovo.B.Petkanchin 150.7 158.2 155 Haskovo.Sport Hall 144.6 152.7 149 Haskovo, Museum 221.6 232.8 226 Vinevo, Private House 185.5 194.8 190 Haskovo, Kinder Garden 158.2 166.1 162 Karamanci, H.Botev 177.8 187.1 183 Blagoevgrad, ODZ-4 111.9 118.3 121 Blagoevgrad, ODZ-3 117.9 124.4 121 Blgoevgrad, Old People House 140.5 148.5 145 Simitli, Private House 158.7 167.0 164 Krupnik 140.4 148.4 142 Sandanski, D.Gabe 138.5 146.2 142 Melnik 210.6 221.6 216 Eleshnitsa, Nadejda 192.9 204 198 Eleshnitsa, Private House 248 260.2 254

21. Compliance with legal requirements: -Comparative analysis done have confirmed that the average levels of radon are in compliance with the legal limits; - As it is expected the values of indoor radon is higher for the region of Bansko (sites in village Eleshnitsa and Bachkovo) where the natural conditions are characterized with higher radiation phone; - Generators of Radon in the studied sites may have different origin but but it is obvious that the natural conditions have a priority; - well known tendency for introducing stronger legal limits will require additional studies in the investigated region.

22. Comparative data for passive indoor measurements of Radon from NCRRP validation

23. Comparative data for passive indoor measurements of Radon from NCRRP

24. 2010, 2011, 2012

25. * On the base of comparative studies of obtained results with the data published by the National Center for Radiation Protection an Prevention and National Environmental Agency it was found that the obtained results during the project development fit well with the already published data.

26. Measured Air-concentrations of some VOC’s in Blagoevgrad, 2014 [MOEW] Pollutant Max.1 hour Annual average Number [μg/m3] [μg/m3] above limits ==================================================== Benzene 7.22 0.54 0 Xylene 5.14 0.59 0 Toluene 23.29 0.92 0

27. Emissions of Compounds, calculated as NMVOC equivalent for Bulgaria kt [MOEW]

28. Tendency of average concentrations of Benzo(a)pyrene for 2011 – 2013 in Bulgaria

29. Number of annual up norm levels for PM10 in Bulgaria for 2013 [MOEW]

30. HEALTH EFFECTS * PROJECT SUBLECT IS THE INDOOR EFFECT OF SOME CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES AND RADON AS A POLLUTANTS; * ENVIRONMENTAL NATIONAL MONITORING SYSTEM SHOW THAT THERE ARE ALSO OTHER POLLUTANTS WICH MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE HEALTH STATUS IN THE DIFFERENT REGIONS IN BULGARIA /TENDENCIES FOR AFFECTED POULATION IN NEXT SLIDES/ * THERE ARE NO AVAILABLE DATA FROM THE NATIONAL SYSTEM RELATED TO THE INDOOR CONCENTRATIONS OF CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS

31. Part of population in EU and Bulgaria affected from higher content of air- pollutants for the period 2001-2013, %[MOEW]

32. COMPARATIVE VIEW FOR HEALTH PROBLEMS * STATISTCAL DATA ABOUT HEALTH STATUS OF POPULATION ARE PUBLISHED FOR BIGER LIVING PLACES AND REGIONS * FOR SOME SITIES SUCH A DATA ARE PUBLISHED ALSO FROM THE REGIONAL INSPECTORATES * FOR KURDAJALI IT IS AVAILABLE DETAILED REPORT FOR THE TYPE OF DESIESES AND POPULATION AFECTED IN THE CITY * TENDENCIES FOR THE POPULATION AFFECTED ARE GIVEN ON NEXT SLIDE IN CASES PER 100 000 INHABITANTS

33. FREQUENCY OF AFECTED PEOPLE FROM LARYNX CANCER

34. FRIQUENCY OF PERSONS AFECTED LUNG CANCER

35. Findings, Recommendations and Conclusion - It is the first try in Bulgaria to asses the indoor complex negative effects of Chemical and Radon pollutants applying INTERA platform; - Natural inorganic building materials used in Bulgaria do not contribute to the chemical pollutants emissions; - The obtained results a contribution for future studies in this area of fast development; - The positive outcome is that the studied pollutants are in compliance with existing legal acts in force now in Bulgaria and so there no need of new classification’s zones; - The stronger legal acts are expected in this area and it requires future steps of studies in this area.

36. PREVENTION MEASURES RECOMMENDED - MORE INFOMATIVE MATERIALS FOR THE PROPERTIES OF BUILDING MATERIALS TO BE OFFERED TO THE CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES; - STRONGER CONTROL ON THE QUALITY OF BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE MARKET – ESPECIALLY IMPORTED FROM COUNTRIES OUTSIDE EU; - REGULARLY WORKSHOOPS AND SEMINARS TO BE ORGANIZED FOR EXPERTS, RESPONSIBLE FOR INVESTMENTS AND CONSTRUCTIONS; - MORE STUDIES AND MORE DATA TO BE COLLECTED FOR AREAS WHERE CHEMICAL INDOOR POLLUTANTS WERE CONFIRMED; - IN THE FUTURE NEW MEASUREMENTS DO BE DONE IN THE AREAS OF INTEREST INCLUDING DUST POLLUTION FOR INTERA PLATFORM SIMULATIONS

37. Thank You for Your Attention!