1. How it went down… Sino- Soviet Relations

2. Background Treaty of Versailles, Shandong, given to Japan. Student protest against “spineless” Chinese government. U.S weak on self-determination and anti-imperialism – Chinese intellectuals start considering M/L to solve issues. Post Qing dynasty warlords ruled – KMT leader Sun Yat-sen ignored by west, turned to soviets. 1922 – CPC – 200 members, KMT 50,000 Soviet policy of duel support 1927 Shanghai Massacre – CPC-KMT split.

3. Civil War 1927-1949 1929 Manchurian Chinese Eastern railway – armed conflict with S.U CPC growing popularity – Mao collabs with peasant rebels Long March – Zhang Guotao’s failure – Mao undisputed leader Second Sino-Japanese war – KMT more concerned with CPC – CPC guerrilla tactics against Japs wins more support Soviets give CPC Japanese weapons – U.S keeps Manchuria from communists, helps KMT Outbreak – Chiang and KMT retreat to Taiwan. PRC established

5. Early relationships 1937 non aggression pact – help against Japanese, enabled Stalin to focus on west Manchuria Treaty of friendship and alliance (1950) – 300 million low-interest loan. Stress on relationship Korean War – Stalin, Mao debate – Mao takes ground, Stalin air – changed relationship from titular to virtual After Civil War, Soviets become PRC closest ally – design, equipment and skilled labour to help industrialize and modernize. 1960’s Sino-soviet border conflict – increasingly PRC began to consider S.U as social imperialist and its greatest threat.

6. Stalin As you have read in your text book Stalin and Mao did not see eye to eye on a lot of things. Ideological differences were not the only reasons what were they? Peasants as a basis for revolution Feared Mao as com leader Did not want CW to spread to Asia Preferred KMT

7. Seeds In fighting civil war and Japanese – Mao ignored a lot of Stalin’s military advice and direction Because of it’s position there was no urban working class. Why is this a problem? Dawn out of China - “to change Marxism from a European to an Asiatic form... in ways of which neither Marx nor Lenin could dream”. – Due to struggle in Korea alliance continued despite. Mao’s insistence of mobilization through peasant workers – lead to Great Leap Forward

8. Honeymoon period and Khrushchev After Stalin’s death there was a period of reconciliation. Khrushchev put an end to that by criti- cising Stalin and therefore Mao. Soviet failure to ‘contain reactionary forces’ ? Restoration of relationship with Josip Broz Tito (Stalin had denounced in 48) De-emphasising of the core M/L idea of inevitable war between capitalism and socialism Peaceful co-existence – ideological heresy Soviet succession by ‘revisionists’

9. Activity time Split into pairs and answer the review exercise on page 120 of your text books.

10. And then it got Humpty Dumpty… Sino – Indian war, Khrushchev too appeasing to the west. Soviets engaged in superpower confrontations (Berlin) Mao critical of Khrushchev in Cuba – detectable weapons, backing down. “Khrushchev has moved from adventurism to capitulation” Mao’s approach would provoke nuclear war 1964 –Mao claims counter-revolution activity in USSR has re-established capitalism. Split final. Warsaw countries follow Soviet suit. After Khrushchev’s death, relations initially same.

11. Cold War context Early Cold-War interpretation had a two way ideological competition exclusively between the U.S and USSR. Chinese competition with the USSR and subsequent communist- rivalry transformed the Cold-War into a “tripolar geopolitical contest”. Goodwill Commy bastards