1. ISE 311 - 8 1 Operations Analysis Operations Analysis Location analysis Pareto Analysis Process Analysis Subjective Evaluation

2. ISE 311 - 8 2 Location Analysis Location of One Item l Example: Locating printer, scanner, & copier station in a department. Systematic Layout of Multiple Items l See pp. 114-117 A B 1 3 2 4 5

3. ISE 311 - 8 3 Pareto Analysis: ‘Fight the Giants’ Concept – bulk of the problems (opportunities) are concentrated in a few items l “Fight the Giants” Example: causes of long wait times at a health clinic (data attached.)

4. ISE 311 - 8 4 Process Analysis Overview of the process Identify opportunities for improvement Useful communication tool Major types l Process chart single object / person (Ergo disk) assembly process multi-activity chart (Ergo disk) l Flow diagram (Ergo disk, Visio) l Fish (Ishikawa) diagram (Visio) l Decision structure table

5. ISE 311 - 8 5 Process chart Symbology Details l time, distance l SEARCH l notes Documentation Example – preparing a form letter for mailing l see next page

6. ISE 311 - 8 6 In Ergo …

7. ISE 311 - 8 7 Usually combined with process chart to visualize physical space. Example: Preparation and gathering for a design team meeting. (See next page.) Flow Diagram

8. ISE 311 - 8 8

9. 9 Other process charts Assembly process charts l show relationships among components, how several processes interact l useful for methods analysis l identify delays, storage problems l example, pg. 121 Multi-activity chart ‘gang chart’, ‘man-machine’ chart, ‘left-hand right hand’ chart l common, scaled time axis identify idle time, unbalanced operations opportunities for –job sharing –double tooling –kitting l examples, pg. 123

10. ISE 311 - 8 10 Fish Diagrams aka, Ishikawa diagram, Cause & Effect diagram Useful for brainstorming, identify opportunities to improve ‘Head’ of the fish is the problem or desired effect ‘Skeleton’ identifies potential causes l 4 M’s – manpower, machines, methods, materials l 4 P’s – policies, procedures, people, plant

11. ISE 311 - 8 11 Example Improve design team meeting productivity

12. ISE 311 - 8 12 Subjective Evaluation Borg Vote – Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) l multiply by 10 to estimate heart rate. 6 7 8 9 10 Very, very light Very light How you feel when lying in bed or sitting in a chair relaxed. Little or no effort. 11 12 13 Fairly light Somewhat hard Target range: How you should feel with exercise or activity 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Hard Very hard Very, very hard How you felt with the hardest work you have ever done. Don't work this hard!

13. ISE 311 - 8 13 Subjective Evaluation Body discomfort map l Body portions

14. ISE 311 - 8 14 Body Discomfort Scales Borg Discomfort scale Category partitioning See table 9.9, pg. 126

15. ISE 311 - 8 15 Relative and Absolute Scales Semantic differential (absolute scale) l Rate aspects of the workspace, methods, etc. on a scale between 2 opposite adjectives, l e.g. comfortable ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ uncomfortable spacious ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ cramped Alternatively, choose one adjective (acceptable, comfortable, etc.) and evaluate several aspects of the workplace, methods, etc. on that one objective l e.g., acceptability, comfort, etc.

16. ISE 311 - 8 16 Relative and Absolute Scales Paired votes (relative) l Compare two alternatives on a relative ranking scale, l e.g. Visibility of two different computer monitors Choose A or B Indicate degree of preference

17. ISE 311 - 8 17 Related Concepts Evolutionary Operation of Processes (EVOP) l Designed series of experiments to evaluate the effects on the output of the process of changing specific variables l Key idea is to make changes while the process is active (i.e., not as a separate experiment) l Substitute number of runs for strict control Project scheduling l CPM l PERT