1. UNIT 5 CELLULAR ENERGETICS Chapter 8: Photosynthesis Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration

2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION
Heterotrophs vs. Autotrophs
ATP Structure and Function
Cellular Respiration
Equation
Mitochondria Structure
Stage 1: Glycolysis
Stage 2: Krebs Cycle
Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain
Amount of ATP produced
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
Photosynthesis
Equation
Chloroplast Structure
Stage 1: Light Absorption
Stage 2: Electron Transport Chain
Stage 3: Calvin Cycle
Light Dependent vs. Light Independent
Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration

3. Life depends
on sunlight
(93 million
miles)

4. 1 day = 1.5 billion times the energy in
US for 1 year

5. Energy =
the ability to do work
makes
eats
“Food Chain”

6. Heterotrophs = organisms that “eat”
their food

7. Autotrophs =
Organisms that make their own food (sun)

8. Energy Pyramid Herbivores Carnivores Secondary Consumers Omnivores
Primary Consumers
Producers

9. Energy Pathway?
Food 
Broken down 
 ?
 Delivered

10. ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
Nitrogen Base
“Adenosine”
Macromolecule?
3-P’s
Nucleotide
with 2 extra P groups
Sugar

11. ATP ADP + P Extra P groups unstable (neg charge = repel)
Bonds broken = release energy

12. CELLULAR RESPIRATION

13. RESPIRATION = process by which sugar is broken down
to release energy (ATP).

14. Work requires
energy
Where get energy?
“EAT FOOD”

15. Hence, we are called?
Heterotrophs

16. Also
Autotrophs
Why?
They make it
then break it

17.  Cells Food broken down into smaller particles Which system?
“metabolism”
Where to?
Intestine  Blood  Muscle
 Cells

18. ORGANELLE?
Mitochondria

19. Chemical Equation for Respiration
Reactants  Products
Glucose (sugar) + Oxygen 
ATP + Carbon Dioxide + Water
“Heat”

20. + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + (36)ATP C6H12O6 3 Stages: Glycolysis Krebs Cycle
Heat
C6H12O6 +
6O2 
6CO2 +
6H2O
+ (36)ATP
3 Stages:
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

23. Stage One:
“Glycolysis”
Cytoplasm

24. One 6 carbon (glucose)  2 ATP  4 ATP Two 3 carbon (pyruvate)
Electron carrier
Two 3 carbon (pyruvate)

26. Pyruvate + Oxygen  ATP + Water + CO2

27. Stage 2:
“Krebs Cycle”
Mitochondria
Pyruvate  NADH, FADH2, ATP

28. 3-C  2-C CO2 released Pyruvate  Mitochondria  Acetyl CoA  Matrix
Enzyme assisted
3-C  2-C
CO2 released

29. Energy  NADH and FADH2 Each Pyruvate Electron carrier

30. Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain
High energy electrons (NADH and FADH2)  ATP
H+ diffuse through protein
synthesize ATP
e- and H+
combine with 02
 H2O
e- from NADH
pump H+ out
Majority

31. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Autotrophs = process of trapping energy from sunlight
and using it to build sugars.

32. Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis
Take In  Make/Give Off
Sunlight + Carbon Dioxide + Water 
Glucose (sugar) + Oxygen

33. 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 Light + Light Energy CO2 + H2O Sugars + O2
Chloroplast
Sugars + O2

34. Leaves
Stem

37. 3 Stages
1. Absorption of Light Energy
2. Conversion of Light Energy
3. Storage of Energy

38. STAGE 1
Light Absorption
Chlorophyll in Thylakoids

39. Weakest
Strongest
ROY G BIV

40. Pigments = Chlorophyll a and b Uses Most? = Blue and Red Uses Least?
= Green and Yellow

41. Carotenoids

42. Found in
Thylakoid
membrane

43. 1. Sunlight excites chlorophyll e-
2. Water split by enzyme  O2 and H+
and e-

44. Stage 2 “Electron Transport Chain” H+ moved in (energy required)
Sunlight (re-energize e-)
NADP+ (e- + H+)  NADPH

45. 
H+ continue to move in (protein)
Inside thylakoid +, Outside -
Provides energy ADP + P  ATP 

46. Stage 3
Stage 1 and 2

47. Stage 3 “Calvin Cycle” 1. CO2 enters Joins 5-C Compounds
split  6 3-C
4. 5 remaining 3-C
Compounds reform
3 5-C compounds
Stage 3
“Calvin Cycle”
C compound removed
Higher energy
forms

48. ATP NADPH Stage 1 and 2 “Light Dependent” Water Light Light- Dependent
Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview
Stage 1 and 2
“Light Dependent”
Light Energy Converted
to Chemical Energy
Water
Light
Light-
Dependent
Reactions
ATP
NADPH O2
Light + Water  ATP + NADPH + Oxygen
Go to Section:

49. NADP+ ADP + P Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH Stage 3 “Light Independent” CO2
Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview
Stage 3
“Light Independent”
CO2
NADP+
ADP + P
Calvin
Cycle
ATP
NADPH
Sugar!!!
Go to Section:
ATP + NADPH + CO2  Sugar + NADP+ + (ADP +P)

50. NADP+ ADP + P Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH CO2 Water Light Light- Dependent
Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview
Water
CO2
Light
NADP+
ADP + P
Light-
Dependent
Reactions
Calvin
Cycle
ATP
NADPH
Sugar!!! O2
Go to Section:

51. PHOTO vs. RESPIRATION “Circle of Life” What have in common?
End products of Photosynthesis
Beginning products of Respiration
“Circle of Life”