1. Black Jazz The Superior School of Commerce “Nicolae Kretzulescu” Teacher Coordinator : Prof. Cuatu Georgeta Student : Vladuta Denisa 12 F Bucharest - 2011 -

2. Table of contents Introduction The Jazz know-how The Black Beginnings Nowadays The artists and their world Impact on society Conclusions Bibliography

3. Introduction “Jazz is a mental attitude rather than a style. It uses a certain process of the mind expressed spontaneously through some musical instrument.” — Bill Evans

4. The Jazz know-how Jazz is a music genre that originated at the beginning of the 20 th century in African American communities in the Southern United States. Jazz is often characterized as the product of egalitarian creativity, interaction and collaboration, placing equal value on the contributions of composer and performer. Jazz is composed primarily of four musical elements: melody, harmony, rhythm and tone colour.

5. The Black Beginning By 1808 the Atlantic slave trade had brought almost half a million Africans to the United States. The slaves largely came from West Africa and brought strong tribal musical traditions with them. The African tradition made use of a single-line melody and call-and-response pattern.

6. 1890s–1910s New Orleans music 1920s and 1930s The Jazz Age Swing European Jazz 1940s and 1950s Dixieland revival Bebop Cool Jazz Hard bob Modal Jazz Free Jazz

7. Nowadays In 1987, the US House of Representatives and Senate passed a bill to define jazz as a unique form of American music stating, among other things, "...that jazz is hereby designated as a rare and valuable national American treasure to which we should devote our attention, support and resources to make certain it is preserved, understood and promulgated."

8. 1980s–2010s Traditionalist and Experimental divide Smooth jazz Acid jazz, nu jazz and jazz rap Punk jazz and jazzcore

9. The artists & their world Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington Charlie Parker Miles Davis Count Basie

10. Ella Fitzgerarld Nina Simone Coleman Sarah Hawkins Vaughan Herbie Hancock

11. Impact on society “Jazz does not belong to one race or culture, but is a gift that America has given the world.” — Allan Jaffe

12. Conclusions “Jazz is an intensified feeling of nonchalance.” - unknown “Jazz is…an open-ended music designed for open minds.” - unknown “Jazz is…one of life’s greatest gifts : fun found within surprise.” - unknown

13. Bibliography  Schmitt Karl Heinz — “Pieces of Jazz in Black and Colour”  Fitzgerald F. Scott — “Tales of the jazz age”  Dempsey J. Travis — “An autobiography of Black Jazz”  Jazz Foundations of America — — www.jazzfoundation.org  Online encyclopedia — — www.wikipedia.org/jazz  Movie — “ROUND MIDNIGHT” — 1986 — directed by Bertrand Tavernier