1. Impartation 20051 TO QUOTE OR NOT TO QUOTE DIRECT ADDRESS FOR INTERPRETERS

2. Impartation 20052 Objectives Recognize the use of direct address in ASL Recognize the use of direct address in spoken discourse Recognize the use of reported speech in spoken discourse Take direct address in ASL and interpret it into direct address in English

3. Impartation 20053 Objectives, continued Take direct address in ASL and interpret it into reported speech in English Determine which situations are best suited for which type of discourse, direct address or reported speech Take reported speech in English and interpret it into direct address in ASL

4. Impartation 20054 Defining Direct Address in ASL Direct address in ASL occurs when a signer assumes the role of one or more people, delivering a message which appears to be quoting each character directly. Characters are distinguished through pausing and body shift.

5. Impartation 20055 English has 3 ways of conveying the same type of information: Dramatic reading: I can’t pay the rent; you must pay the rent. Almost never used. Direct quotes: The teacher asked Ann, “Where is your homework,” to which Ann replied, “I must have left it on the bus.” Narrative/reported speech: The teacher asked Ann where her homework was.

6. Impartation 20056 When interpreting direct address from ASL to English, there are two options: Using direct quotes and introducing each speaker Using reported speech.

7. Impartation 20057 Which form to use? Emotionally laden content Expletives and name calling Genderless third-person pronouns

8. Impartation 20058 The tense issue in reported speech If the communication occurred in the past, all verbs must be spoken in the past tense. Relative time words must remain relative: YESTERDAY becomes “the day before” TOMORROW becomes “the next day”

9. Impartation 20059 More tense LAST-WEEK becomes “the week before” NEXT-WEEK becomes “the next/following week” LAST MONTH becomes “the month before” NEXT MONTH becomes “the next/following month” LAST-YEAR becomes “the previous year” NEXT-YEAR becomes “the next year”

10. Impartation 200510 Interpreting from English to ASL Reported speech may be interpreted as direct address in ASL ASL does have reported speech, but usually for very short segments of discourse For longer discourse, direct address is preferred.

11. Impartation 200511 Reported speech to ASL practice God says He will wipe all tears from our eyes. Cain said that he was not his brother’s keeper. The Lord promises to never leave us or forsake us.

12. Impartation 200512 More practice Aaron explained that he had melted the people’s jewelry and out came a calf. Paul told how he had been persecuting Christians when the Lord appeared to him on the road to Damascus, blinding him with a bright light.

13. Impartation 200513 Yet more practice Esther came before Xerxes and invited him to a banquet which she would prepare. Haman told his wife that he had to lead Mordecai around the city on a horse proclaiming, “This is the man the king wishes to honor.”

14. Impartation 200514 And more Samuel told Eli that God had appeared to him and told him that Eli and his sons would be killed. Isaac asked Jacob how he had prepared his food so quickly, and Jacob replied that the Lord had been with him helping him catch game to cook for his father.

15. Impartation 200515 Almost finished… The angel told Joseph that he should not be afraid to take Mary as his wife. Cornelius told Peter that while he was fasting and praying an angel appeared, telling him to send for Peter.

16. Impartation 200516 Not quite there yet Jesus said that He was the Bread of Life, that if anyone would eat of him, they would never hunger again. Jesus said that if the temple was destroyed, that He would rebuild it in three days.

17. Impartation 200517 The end Samson’s wife implored him for seven days to tell her the meaning of the riddle. Jonathan told David to go away because Saul was planning to kill him. Joseph told his brothers that one day they would bow down to him.