1. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Chapter 5: The Human Population A Brief History of Population Growth Basic Demographics The Distribution of Population and Population Growth Population Control Strategies

2. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Thomas Malthus (1798) Figure 5.1: Arithmetic vs. geometric growth.

3. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 A Brief History of Population Growth Figure 5.2: World population growth was very slow prior to the industrial revolution of the 1700s.

4. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 World Demographic Characteristics 2001 Population: 6,137,000,000 Rate of Natural Increase: 1.3 % Crude Birth Rate: 22 ‰ Crude Death Rate: 9 ‰ Total Fertility Rate: 2.8 per woman

5. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Basic Demographics Birth, Death, and Fertility Age Structure Migration Trends in Population Growth

6. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Trends in Population Growth and Fertility Figure 5.3: Fertility has declined since the mid-1960s, and population has been growing at a decreasing rate over the same time period.

7. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 U.S. Fertility Rates

8. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Population Pyramids Congo and Italy Figure 5.5: Population pyramids for Congo (Zaire) and Italy illustrate differences in high- TFR and low-TFR populations.

9. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Population Pyramids Brazil Figure 5.6: Age- structure diagrams for Brazil illustrate a transition from high-TFR to replacement- level TFR and beyond.

10. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Demographic Transition Figure 5.8: The Demographic Transition Model describes growth in population as a result of lag time between falling death rates and falling birth rates.

11. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Demographic Transition Examples Figure 5.9: Birth and death rates for countries in Table 5.1, representing different stages of the demographic transition.

12. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 The Distribution of Population and Population Growth Rich and Poor Regions Increasing Urbanization Figure 5.10: World population distribution.

13. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Population Control Strategies Socioeconomic Conditions and Fertility Contraception and Family Planning

14. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Issue 5.1: AIDS and Population Growth in Africa Percentage of African population aged 15 to 49 years with HIV infection or AIDS, 1999.

15. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Issue 5.2: Megacities: The New Urban Demographic Transition Figure 5.11: Major Metropolitan Areas of the World, 2001.