1. Router Basics Chapter 6 Connecting People To Information

2. Starting Up a Router

3. Connecting People To Information External Configuration Sources Configuration information can come from many sources Console Port Auxiliary Port Interfaces Virtual Terminals VTY 0 4 TFTP Server Network Management Station

4. Connecting People To Information Console Auxiliary Interfaces RAMNVRAMFlashROM Internal Configuration Components (cont.)

5. Connecting People To Information An Overview of System Startup System startup routines initiate router software Fallback routines provide startup alternatives as needed Check hardware Find and load Cisco IOS software image Find and apply router configuration information

6. Connecting People To Information Initializing a Router POST Run RXBoot Image Run RXBoot Image Check Config Reg Enter ROM Monitor Mode Enter ROM Monitor Mode Load IOS Subset Load IOS Subset Load from TFTP Server Load from TFTP Server Load IOS Subset Load IOS Subset Load from ROM Load from ROM Load from Flash Load from Flash Read NVRAM

7. Connecting People To Information Initializating a Router (cont.) Can I find it? Is there a configuration file? Yes No TFTP Server Yes Where is it? Load configuration file Load configuration file NVRAM Load alternate configuration file Run AutoInstall Run AutoInstall No Setup Mode Setup Mode

8. Connecting People To Information Router Modes (cont.) Privileged EXEC Mode Detailed examination of router. Debugging and testing. File manipulation. Remote access. Router# Router> User EXEC Mode Limited examination of router. Remote access. Global Configuration Mode Commands that affect the system as a whole. Router> User EXEC Mode Limited examination of router. Remote access. Privileged EXEC Mode Detailed examination of router. Debugging and testing. File manipulation. Remote access. Router# Used if the operating system does not exist in Flash or the boot sequence was interrupted during startup. ROM Monitor Mode > or rommon> Prompted dialog used to establish an initial configuration. Setup Mode RXBoot Mode Boot helper software which helps the router boot when it cannot find a valid Cisco IOS image in Flash memory. Router Router(config)# Complex and multiline configurations. Other Configuration Modes Router(config - mode)#

9. Accessing the User Interface

10. Connecting People To Information Overview of the User Interface User Mode “Look-Only” mode Privileged Mode Access to command modes

11. Connecting People To Information Logging in to the Router Router> Router>enable Password: Router# Router#exit Router> Router>logout Console Router con0 is now available Press RETURN to get started. User mode prompt Privileged mode prompt

12. Connecting People To Information Router>? Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry atmsig Execute Atm Signalling Commands cd Change current device clear Reset functions connect Open a terminal connection dir List files on given device disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system lat Open a lat connection lock Lock the terminal login Log in as a particular user logout Exit from the EXEC mrinfo Request neighbor and version information from a multicast router -- More -- User Mode Command List

13. Connecting People To Information Router#? Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry access-template Create a temporary Access-List entry bfe For manual emergency modes setting clear Reset functions clock Manage the system clock configure Enter configuration mode connect Open a terminal connection copy Copy configuration or image data debug Debugging functions (see also 'undebug') disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands erase Erase flash or configuration memory exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system lat Open a lat connection lock Lock the terminal login Log in as a particular user logout Exit from the EXEC mbranch Trace multicast route down tree branch --More-- Privileged Mode Command List

14. Connecting People To Information Router#clok Translating "clo"...domain server (255.255.255.255) % Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address Router#cl? clear clock Router#clock % Incomplete command. Router#clock ? set Set the time and date Router#clock set % Incomplete command. Router#clock set ? Current Time (hh:mm:ss) Router#clock set 19:56:00 % Incomplete command. Router#clock set 19:56:00 ? Day of the month MONTH Month of the year Router#clock set 19:56:00 04 8. ^ % Invalid input detected at the '^' marker Router#clock set 19:56:00 04 August % Incomplete command. Router#clock set 19:56:00 04 August ? Year Context-Sensitive Help Symbolic translation Keyword completion Last command recall Command prompting Syntax checking

15. Connecting People To Information Router Status Commands RAM Internetwork Operating System Programs Tables and Buffers Dynamic Configuration Information NVRAMFlash BackupConfigurationFile Operating Systems Interfaces Router#show interfaces Router#show mem Router#show ip route Router#show mem Router#show ip route Router#show flash Router#show startup-config Router#show running-config Router#show processes CPU Router#show protocols Router#show processes CPU Router#show protocols Router#show version

16. Connecting People To Information Router#show version IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 11.2 (6), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-1997 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Tue 06-May-97 16:17 by kuong Image text-base: 0x0303ED8C, data-base: 0x00001000 ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 5.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE ROM: 2500-XBOOT Bootstrap Software, Version 10.1(1), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) router uptime is 1 week, 3 days, 32 minutes System restarted by reload System image file is "c2500-js-l", booted via tftp from 171.69.1.129 --More-- show version Command

17. Connecting People To Information Router#show startup-config Using 1108 out of 130048 bytes ! version 11.2 ! hostname router -- More -- show startup-config Command and show running-config Command Use write terminal with Release 10.2 and earlier Use show config with Release 10.2 and earlier Router#show running-config Building configuration... Current configuration: ! version 11.2 ! -- More --

18. Connecting People To Information Router#show interfaces Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is MK5025 Internet address is 183.8.64.129, subnet mask is 255.255.255.128 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 56 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 9/255 Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input 0:00:00, output 0:00:01, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops Five minute input rate 1000 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec Five minute output rate 2000 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 331885 packets input, 62400237 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 230457 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants 3 input errors, 3 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 403591 packets output, 66717279 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 8 interface resets, 0 restarts 45 carrier transitions show interfaces Command

19. Connecting People To Information Router#show protocols Global values: Internet Protocol routing is enabled DECNET routing is enabled XNS routing is enabled Vines routing is enabled Appletalk routing is enabled Novell routing is enabled --More-- Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Internet address is 183.8.128.2, subnet mask is 255.255.255.128 Decnet cost is 5 XNS address is 3010.aa00.0400.0284 CLNS enabled Vines metric is 32 AppleTalk address is 3012.93, zone ld-e0 Novell address is 3010.aa00.0400.0284 --More-- show protocols Command