1. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 Software Design/Database Design Dr. Praveen Madiraju Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science Marquette University praveen@mscs.mu.edu http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~praveen/ February 16, 2009

2. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 2 Presentation Outline What is Design? Software Development Process Requirements Discovery Process Software Design Database Design Application Design Implementation

3. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 3 What is Design? To conceive and plan out in the mind (merriam-webster) The realization of a imagined state The specification that guides production …. And other definitions

4. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 4 What is Design? (cont’d) “Design” may refer to an activity  Example : Design on a Whiteboard “Design” may refer to a product  “My design is super cool, I know it will work” “Design” may refer to a field  “Software design” is a field  Product design, Chip design, Graphic Design, …

5. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 5 What is Design? (cont’d)

6. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 6 What is Design? (cont’d) What is involved in Design Process? Goals, Ideas Knowledge, Representations Languages, Tools Activities Software is somewhat unique disparate projects changing tools many advances are in programming languages

7. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 7 Online Ordering for E45 E45 : Personal Electric Power Supply

8. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 8 eCase Review Management System Insurance Companies Incoming Case Review Case Transcription Billing eCase Management System

9. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 9 Software Development Process

10. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 10 Software Development Process (cont’d)

11. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 11 Requirements Discovery Process Interviews with clients Gather functional and non-functional requirements Sometimes a quick prototype helps

12. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 12 Requirements Discovery Process (cont’d) Capturing Requirements using Use-Case Modeling

13. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 13 Requirements Analysis

14. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 14 Software Design System design  describes what the software system should do focuses more on desirability  typically captures the overall, essential framing of the solution  Includes database design as well  specific technology and database independent Implementation design  describes what the implementer should do focuses more on feasibility  typically represents a final “completed design”  typically captures a fully detailed roadmap

15. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 15 Database Design SSNFNameDNO 123John1 234Leela2 DNODName 1Accounting 2Administration EMPLOYEE DEPARTMENT RowColumn Primary KeyTable Name Foreign Key Basic Concepts of Database Table : Row, Column, Primary Key, Foreign Key, Index

16. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 16 Database Design (cont’d) Main Phases of Database Design

17. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 17 ER (Entity Relationship) Modeling Conceptual design phase; result is a conceptual schema ER consists of : entities, attributes, and relationships Example: Company Database System. “We store each EMPLOYEE’s social security number, address, salary, sex, and birthdate. Each employee works for one department but may work on several projects…” Entity : EMPLOYEE, DEPARTMENT, … Attributes : SSN, Address, Sex, Birthdate Relationship: WORKS_FOR, … Higher Level Requirements

18. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 18 ER Modeling (cont'd) EMPLOYEE WORKS_FOR DEPARTMENT SSN Name FName LName MI DNO DName N 1 DOB Age Phone Sex

19. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 19 ER Modeling (cont'd) Types of Relationships: 1:1; 1:N (previous slide) EMPLOYEE MANAGES DEPARTMENT 1 1 M:N EMPLOYEE WORKS_ON PROJECT M N Hours PNOPName Strong Participation

20. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 20 ER to Relational Schema Entities  Tables Attributes  Columns SSNFNameLNameMIMI DOBAgeSex 123JohnSmithA……M 234LeelaB……F EMPLOYEE SSNPhone 123414-111-… 123262-000 EMPLOYEE_PHONE

21. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 21 Database Tools ER Modeling Tools/Technologies Microsoft Visio Oracle Designer Rational Rose ERWin, … Database Vendors Commercial : Oracle, IBM DB2, Microsoft SQL Server, … Free Ware : MySQL, SQLLite, PostgresSQL, … Database Languages Structured Query Language (SQL), PL/SQL

22. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 22 Application Design Models Data Flow Diagrams Pseudo code Algorithms Object-Oriented Analysis and Modeling using UML (Unified Modeling Language)

23. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 23 UML Use Case Diagrams Activity Diagrams Sequence Diagrams Class Diagrams

24. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 24 Component Reuse If a component already exists, why re invent the wheel? There exists components for almost anything these days Risks associated with free or third party components

25. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 25 User Interface Diagrams Mock-ups, Sketches, User interaction Diagrams, Prototype Demos, Browser

26. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 26 User Interface Diagrams (cont’d) Wireframe

27. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 27 Application Design Tools UML Tools Rational Software Modeler, Microsoft Visio, Eclipse-Omondo, Dia (free ware), … User Interface Tools Your favorite browser, Microsoft.NET framework, Java Swing, Visio, WireframeSketcher, …

28. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 28 Implementation Small stand alone applications  Java, Microsoft.NET, … Web based applications  Java Servlets, Microsoft.NET, PHP-MySQL, Enterprise Resource Planning Applications  SAP, Oracle Apps, …

29. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 29 Multi-tier Application Architecture Client (Presentation Logic) (Business Logic) (Data Access Logic) Server (Business Logic) (Data Access Logic) Two-tier Architecture Web Server (Business Logic) (Data Access Logic) Data Resources Three-tier Architecture

30. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 30 Multi-tier Application Architecture (cont’d)

31. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 31 Construction and Testing Unit testing System testing

32. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 32 Installation and Delivery Training Manual

33. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 33 System Operation and Maintenance Program Back up, Recovery and Maintenance Technical Support Further System Enhancements Hopefully no bugs

34. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 34 Thank you Questions?

35. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 35 ER to Relational Schema (cont’d) Dealing with Relationships – 1:1 EMPLOYEE MANAGES DEPARTMENT 1 1 SSN DNO FName DName StartDate SSNFName 123John 234Leela DNODNameMgrSSNMgrStart Date 1Account.. 234… TRANSLATES TO EMPLOYEE DEPARTMENT

36. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 36 ER to Relational Schema (cont’d) Dealing with Relationships – 1:N EMPLOYEE WORKS_FOR DEPARTMENT N 1 SSN DNO FName DName SSNFNameDNO 123John1 234Leela1 DNODName 1Account.. 2Admin… TRANSLATES TO DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEE

37. Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Course, Marquette University 02/16/2009 37 ER to Relational Schema (cont’d) Dealing with Relationships – M:N SSN FName SSNFName 123John 234Leela PNOPName 1001OceanBlue 1002EverGreen PROJECTEMPLOYEE WORKS_ON PROJECT M N Hours PNOPName SSNPNOHours 123100120 123100220 WORKS_ON