1. P OETRY

2. L ITERARY AND S OUND DEVICES Theme: the main idea, moral, or message Tone: conveys feeling and emotion, sets the mood for the work Hyperbole: extreme exaggeration The books weigh a ton. I could sleep for a year. I have a million things to do. Symbolism: representing things by means of symbols, objects

3. Simile: a comparison of two nouns using the words like or as “My love for you is like a red, red rose” Metaphor: a comparison of two nouns saying that one thing is another “All the world is a stage” Personification: when a non-living object has been given qualities of a person The wind whispered through the trees The moon danced on the water “Oreo: Milk’s favorite cookie.”

4. Alliteration: the repetition of a sound at the beginning of a series of words “ Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers…” A fly and a flea flew up in a flue. Said the fly to the flea, “What shall we do?” “Let’s fly,” said the flea. “Let’s flee,” said the fly. So they fluttered and flew up a flaw in the flue Internal Rhyme: the rhyming of words within one line of poetry “Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary … …While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping...”

5. Rhythm: The rise and fall of the voice, produced by sounds Imagery: the use of details/description to create mental images Onomatopoeia: the use of words whose sound makes one think of its meaning Wham! Bonk! Ding-dong “Cuckoo” Tick-tock “snap, crackle, pop”

6. Assonance: the repetition of vowel sounds at any place in a series of words Do you like blue? We viewed the movie about mooing rookies at the school. “Well he seemed so low that I couldn’t say no” – Robert Service (“The Cremation of Sam McGee, pg. 709) Meter: when sounds occur in a particular pattern In “Paul Revere’s Ride” the meter sounds like a horse galloping: da da DUM da da DUM

7. Line: a single line of poetry Stanza: a division in a poem named for the number of lines it contains, such as a couplet (2 lines), quatrain (4 lines) This is as though the poem is broken up into “paragraphs” “Gleaming in silver are the hills! Blazing in silver is the sea! And a silvery radiance spills Where the moon drives royally!” –James Stevens, “Washed in Silver”

8. R HYME Rhyme: repetition of similar sounds in two or more words End Rhyme: rhyme that appears at the end of two or more lines of poetry “I would not, could not, in a box. I could not, would not, with a fox. I will not eat them with a mouse. I will not eat them in a house. I will not eat them here or there. I will not eat them anywhere. I do not eat green eggs and ham. I do not like them, Sam-I-am. ”

9. R HYME Approximate Rhyme: words in a rhyming pattern that have the same kind of sound, but are not perfect rhymes “Hear “and “Mirror” Iambic Pentameter: rhythm measured in small groups of syllables An unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable (“five feet”) daDUM daDUM daDUM daDUM daDUM Rhyme Scheme: the pattern of rhyme between lines A,B,A,B

10. Voice: tone, patterns of sound, rhythm, and diction-gives printed word personality Figurative Language: exaggerate or alter the usual meanings of words Simile, Metaphor, Hyperbole Sensory Language: words that evoke the senses-smell, taste, touch, sound

11. Consonance: The repetition of a consonant sound at any place in a series of words. I dropped the locket in the thick mud. Eric liked the black book “And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain.” –Edgar Allen Poe Light Verse: humorous, usually brief, often include puns and alliteration Blank Verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter, most common form

12. Prose: lacks the formal metrical structure of verse, comprises full, grammatical sentences Refrain: a regularly repeated line or group of lines in a poem or song

13. T YPES OF P OETRY Lyric: A poem that expresses feelings, but does not tell a story Narrative: A poem that tells a story Ballad: A song/songlike poem that tells a story, usually about lost love, betrayal, or death Epic: A long narrative poem written in formal, elegant language that tells about a series of quests undertaken by a great hero Ode: A long, complex poem in elegant language which celebrates one person or thing

14. T YPES OF P OETRY Elegy: A poem of mourning, usually about someone who died or a away of life that is gone forever Sonnet: A poem of fourteen lines in iambic pentameter ; variations include the Italian sonnet and Shakespearean sonnet Free Verse: A poem that does not follow a regular rhyme scheme or meter