2. Human Powered Modular System Purpose: Create a device capable of providing basic needs to people in developing nations at a relatively low cost Focus: Water purification is most important feature Additional modules enhance the benefits of the water purification system Low cost

3. Human Power Supply

4. For long duration / low intensity operations Human input = 0.1 hp Very sustainable for a healthy person Short duration / low intensity operations will not overly tire the operator For Short duration / high intensity operations Human input = 0.2 hp Sustainable for durations less than 3 hours Will leave the operator very tired after extended operation

5. Human Input Mechanism Goals: Simple, natural motion Efficient transfer of mechanical energy Design Criteria: Portable Rigid Construction Multiple gear ratios

6. Modules Water Filtration Electricity Generator Irrigation Pump Millstone

7. Reverse Osmosis Purifies water Highly efficient Relatively low cost 4 stages of filtration Sediment filter Activated carbon filter RO membrane Activated carbon filter

8. Numerical Analysis Power requirement: P = Q*p (P: Power, Q: volumetric flow rate, p: pressure) p = 100 psi Q = 19 gal/hr P = 0.019 HP

9. UV Purification Disables reproduction of microorganisms RO system filters out Most effective at 253.7 nm wavelength Different microorganisms require different intensities Average approx. 30 mJ/cm 2 Power required depends on exposure time affected by: Size of bulb and pipe Flow rate of water

10. Electrical Generation Module Goals: Charge various types of batteries up to 12V Provide a source of low current DC electricity for high efficiency light sources (LED based) Design Criteria: Human input = 0.2 hp Expected efficiency = 30% Expected output = 4 Amps (for 12V)

11. Irrigation Module Goals: Obtain unfiltered water Irrigate a small field Design Criteria: Flow Rate, Q = 5 GPM Well Depth = 100 ft Human Input = 0.18 hp Reliable Long pump life Simple to maintain

12. Grist Mill Module Goals: Grind grain Design: Must accept various types of grain Must be able to provide different levels of grind fineness: Fine grinds for flower Coarse grinds for cornmeal

13. Conclusion This product is design for use in developing countries Expected final cost