1. 1

2.  Temperature  You can dissolve more into a warm liquid than you can into a cold liquid 2

3.  Temperature  You can dissolve more into a warm liquid than you can into a cold liquid  Surface area  Which dissolves faster, a cube of sugar or grains of sugar? Why? 3

4.  Temperature  You can dissolve more into a warm liquid than you can into a cold liquid  Surface area  Which dissolves faster, a cube of sugar or grains of sugar? Why?  Concentration  The more solute already dissolved in a solvent, the slower the rate of dissolving. 4

5.  Pressure  What affect would increasing pressure have on the rate of dissolving? Why? 5

6.  Pressure  What affect would increasing pressure have on the rate of dissolving? Why?  Mixing  Describe what happens when you mix a solution. 6

10.  Properties that depend only on the number of solute particles and not on their identity.

11.  Vapor pressure lowering  Boiling point elevation  Freezing Point depression

13.  The particles of solute are surrounded by and attracted to particles of solvent.  Now the solvent particles have less kinetic energy and tend less to escape into the space above the liquid.  So the vapor pressure is less.

14.  Ionic solutes produce two or more ion particles in solution.  They affect the colligative properties proportionately more than molecular solutes (that do not ionize).  The effect is proportional to the number of particles of the solute in the solution.

15.  NaCl  CaCl 2  Glucose

17.  Salt is added to melt ice by reducing the freezing point of water.

19.  Addition of ethylene glycol C 2 H 6 O 2 (antifreeze) to car radiators.

20.  NaCl or CaCl 2

21.  In this unit we studied SOLUTIONS!  Know the vocab!  Know HOW things dissolve  Know what affects the rate of dissolving!  What are colligative properties and how do they affect physical properties?  Know how to calculate concentration, dillutions, and stoich.!!  Know how to make a solution 21