1. History of Computer

2. Evolution of Computers BlaisePascal invented the first mechanical adding Machine in 1642 Baron Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz invented the first calculator for multiplication in 1671 Keyboard machines originated in the United States around 1880 Around 1880, Herman Hollerith came up with the concept of punched cards that were extensively used as input media until late 1970s

3.  Charles Babbage is considered to be the father of modern digital computers  He designed “Difference Engine” in 1822  He designed a fully automatic analytical engine in 1842 for performing basic arithmetic functions  His efforts established a number of principles that are fundamental to the design of any digital computer

4. Some Well-known Early Computers 1.The Mark I Computer (1937-44) 2.The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (1939-42) 3.The ENIAC (1943-46) 4.The EDVAC (1946-52) 5.The EDSAC (1947-49) 6.Manchester Mark I (1948) 7.The UNIVAC I (1951)

5. Computer Generations “Generation” in Computer Talk is a step in Technology. It provides a framework for the growth of computer industry Originally it was used to distinguish between various hardware technologies, but now it has been extended to include both hardware and software Till today, there are five computer generations

11. Classification of Computers

12. Classification (Based on Size, Speed, Processing Power and Price)  Personal Computers/Micro Computers  Laptops  Network Computers  Mini and Microcomputers  PDAs  Workstations  Servers  Mainframes  Supercomputers

13. Personal Computers Used at home Used in Educations Institutions and Organizations as nodes Can perform typical activities like documentation, playing games, surfing web to more complex activities as programming, design etc.

14. Laptops Same as PCs in functionality More Compact, Portable Less Power requirement, operated on battery/s Less capacity compared to PCs Maintenance and actually are costlier compared to PCs Theft prone

16. Network Computers Collection of PCs Additional Network Interface Card Can share the information, work from anywhere environment LAN – WAN – MAN – Internet ( We’ll learn later ) Uniting the World

18. Mini and Microcomputers Microcomputer is also called Personal Computer Minicomputers are in between mainframes and Microcomputers. They are also called midrange computers They are maintained by some organizations

19. PDA – Personal Digital Assistant Like Mini computer in a general sense Smaller than laptops (can be called Palmtops) Used to store information used frequently wherever you go Nowadays work with smart cards which has all the information of a user and his/her transactions

21. Workstations They are similar to PCs but with more memory and a high speed processor They are intended to support network operating systems and network applications. They are used in architectural design, video editing, animations etc.

22. Servers A server is one for which many PCs are connected. It has large capacity secondary storage and more memory They host, like workstations, network servers and operating systems They avoid duplicate installation of applications and all users will access to a common copy of the program

23. Compaq Server

24. Mainframes Large computers both in terms of physical size as well as computations They support huge numbers of users Basically used to store and process huge amount of data Not all organizations can offered to maintain one mainframe. Take service of one vendor

26. Supercomputers Used in scientific and engineering applications those handling huge data and do a great amount of computation. Extremely fast in operation (@ 1 trillion operations/second) Fastest, costliest and powerful computer available today Application involves, weather forecasting, military applications, electronic design etc.

28. TypeComponents Physical Size & Capacity CostUsage Micro- Computer All components in a single unit SmallestCheapestAt homes, in schools and offices Mini- Computer Several functional units SmallCheap In universities, medium- sized companies, departments of large companies Mainframe- Computer Several separate units LargeExpensive In large organizations, universities, government Super- Computer Several separate units LargestMost expensive In scientific research, weather forecasting, space exploration, military defense