1. Outcome
• Examine the role of geography in the development of Egyptian society.

2. the Nile
North The Nile flows into the Mediterranean Sea (south to north. South

3. Egypt “The Nile”
The Nile River, longest river in the world (6741 kilometers)
Shaped like a lotus flower, Egyptian symbol for the regeneration of life.
Upper Nile divides into three tributaries (White, Blue, Atbara)

4. Egypt “The Nile”
Unlike the Euphrates and Tigris River flooding was relatively predictable
From July to September
Created a rich and fertile layer of alluvial soil

5. Vocabulary
Inundation- to flood; cover or overspread with water; deluge.
Alluvial deposit- clay or silt or gravel carried by rushing streams and deposited where the stream slows down.
Tributaries- a stream that flows to a larger stream or other body of water.
Papyrus- a material on which to write, prepared from thin strips of the pith of this plant laid together, soaked, pressed, and dried, used by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans.

6. ORIGIN OF THE NILE

7. Flooding The flooding of the Nile created extremely fertile land.
Facilitated intensive agriculture (critical element of civilized life)
Flooding was the only sustainable water source for crops.
Irrigation canals (control) / rainfall non-existent

8. Egyptian marshes and the Domestication of animals
Marshes and wetlands also provided fish, birds, animals, and insects
Variety of animals ( cattle, oxen, sheep, goats, pigs, ducks and geese).

9. Egyptian marshes and the Domestication of animals
Hunted hippopotamus, but left crocodiles alone (feared the gods)
Provided a rich variety of plants (papyrus, reeds and water lilies( perfume)
Papyrus, and reeds used to make rope, mats, baskets, huts and light skiffs (boats)

10. Egyptian calendar
Ancient Egyptians followed a calendar system of 360 days:
three seasons
each season made up of 4 months
thirty days in each month.

13. Egypt was the gift of the Nile
The Nile enriched the land for Egyptian farmers.
Civilization thrived because of the Nile’s consistency.
The inundation of the Nile was deified as the god Hapi (Hapy)

14. Egypt was the “gift of the Nile”
Problems
Benefits
Soil fertility
Unifying Transportation artery
Aridity
floods
Boundaries marked (annually)
Abundance of food
Irrigation
Need to predict flood cycle
Shipbuilding
surveying
Need for storage
Trade
Occupational Specialization
measurement
records
Need for records
calendar
Writing and geometry
Astronomy

15. Need for rainmaker/God/King= Pharaoh
Need to ensure material well- being by calling upon the supernatural
Need for rainmaker/God/King= Pharaoh
Priest Class
Ritual
Need to ensure reincarnation of the Pharaoh and to provide for the afterlife
Magic spells
Book of the Dead
Embalming
Anatomy
Medicine
Tombs
Temples
Architects
Masons
Painting
Sculpture
Artists
Craftsmen
Hieroglyphics
Scribes