1. Pneumatic Capsule Pipeline & Maglev for the Moon? By W. B. LEE President / The OD Co., Ltd. Dasan Conference 2010, Jeju October 27, 2010

2. Table of Contents 1. Terrestrial Mineral Transportation Technologies 2. The Lunar Environment 3. Transportation System for Lunar Regolith

3. 1. Terrestrial Mineral Transportation Technologies Truck Train Pneumatic Conveying Capsule Pipeline Conveyor

4. 2. The Lunar Environment PropertyMeasurementComment AirVacuumNo atmosphere Temperature -233 ℃ to 123 ℃ Mean 107 ℃ /day -153 ℃ /night Magnetic field0Earth 24-56 A/m HumidityNoYes Gravity1/6 earth g=9.8 ㎨ Atmospheric pressure 10¯¹ ⁴ Torr Earth 760mmHg 1Torr=1mmHg

5. ◆ Minerals in Lunar Regolith MineralPercent (%) SiO247.3 TiO21.6 Al2O317.8 Fe2O3- FeO10.5 MnO0.1 CaO11.4 Na2O0.7 K2O0.6 P2O5- Total100

6. 1) Design factors 2) Transportation by vehicles 3) Pneumatic transportation 4) PCP (Pneumatic Capsule Pipeline) 5) Electromagnetic drives 6) Maglev (Magnetic Levitation) 8) Lunar train 7) Propulsion system for Maglev 9) Concept 3. Transportation System for Lunar Regolith

7. 1) Design Factors Economical Viabibilty ► High transportation cost ► Construction cost ► Material Cost ► life-cycle cost Construction ► Construction & installation must be easy Maintenance ► Simple preventive maintenance ► Easy repairs Operation ► Automatic ► Switch to remote control Weight ► Use of ISRU (In-Site Resource Utilization) ► On site fabrication with ISRU Energy ► Overall low energy need ► Reuse, recycle ⇒ For gaining high value output (He3, etc.) from Lunar regolith : Mining -> Transportation -> Extraction

8. 2) Transportation by Vehicles ◆ Issues 1. The surface is very soft. 2. There are a lot of craters on the moon’s surface. 3. Dust ▶ Result: Therefore it is difficult to move by truck wheel on the surface with high speed.

9. 3) Pneumatic Transportation ◆ Issues to consider for mineral “blowing” 1. Blower speed efficiency 2. Wear & tear due to friction (velocity of particles 15-20m/sec (54-72Km/hr) 3. Pipe sizing 4. Cyclone ◆ Applications Mail, hospital, bank (money)

10. 4) PCP (Pneumatic Capsule Pipeline) ◆ Advantages of pipeline 1) Low linefill rate (3%) Reasons of low linefill rate. ► Blowers block the passage of the capsules. ► In-line loading & unloading. 2) Low speed (9m/sec) => Traditional PCP is not economical. 1) No pollution (noise, dust, spillage) 2) No traffic jam ◆ Disadvantages (Used in Japan)

11. 5) Electromagnetic Drives ◆ Advantages 1. The linefill of CP systems with electromagnetic drive can be 15%, fivefold increase in comparison to PCP 2. Loading & unloading of capsules must be done outside the pipeline. 3. Velocity of capsules is about 15m/sec, higher than PCP (9m/sec). ▶ Result: CP is more economical system than PCP *Electromagnetic drives : LIM or LSM

12. 6) Maglev (Magnetic Levitation) Electric traditional motor Linear motor Attraction Repulsion Maglev is using LIM or LSM system for propulsion.

13. Maintenance Low cost =>There are no components that would wear out. There is no friction. Noise Low noise =>There are no wheels running along there is no wheel noise. But noise due to air disturbance still occurs. Speed High speed : 500km/hr (LSM) Magnetic ◆ Maglev Overall Strengths

14. 7) Propulsion Systems for Maglev LIM (Linear Induction Motor) LSM (Linear Synchronous Motor) Position of stator & rotor Stator - - train Rotor - - Guideway (rail) Stator - - Guideway (rail) Rotor - - train Construction cost LowHigh Control equipment Simple (easy)Complex (difficult) Speed Low (100km/h)High (500km/hr) Stator RotorStator Roto r LIMLSM

15. 8) Lunar Train AdvantagesEarthMoon Environment For protection of environmental pollution - - noise, spillage of material, dust Not issue (In case of transportation) Air drag To avoid air dragNo air -> No air drag. Traffic Without traffic jamNo traffic Speed 54-72km/hr by LSM in pipeline 100km/hr by LIM 500km/hr by LSM Pipe YesNo

16. 9) Concept 1) No pipeline 2) LIM system is reasonable for transportation in the moon. - 100km/hr is speed is reasonable - Construction cost is cheaper than LSM. 3) Maglev transportation system with monorail

17. Thank you! Won-Bae Lee President / The OD Co., Ltd. E-mail: wb21@theod.co.kr Phone : 82-2-848-5570