1. Macromolecules: You are what you eat

2. Organic vs. Inorganic
Organic Molecules: Contains Carbon AND associated with life.
Inorganic Molecules: Not associated with life… may, or may not contain carbon

3. Carbon is cool - It can make up to 4 covalent bonds and fold in all kinds of ways!!

4. CHNOPS… the main elements that make up your body
CHNOPS… the main elements that make up your body!!!! (Carbon; Hydrogen; Nitrogen; Oxygen; Phosphorus; Sulfur)

5. What are Macromolecules?
Nutrients provide the raw materials required for growth, repair and energy for living things. We obtain these nutrients as part of our diet. Some nutrients are required in large amounts to support cellular health, including carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

6. 4 Types of Macromolecules
Carbohydrates: Sugars + Starches
Lipids: Fats and Oils
Protein: Muscle Tissue
Nucleic Acids: Microscopic Genetic Material

7. Macromolecules Macro means: Molecule: Large Compound formed
From 2 or more atom.
Many
One

8. Building important polymers
Carbohydrates = built from sugars
sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar
Lipids = built from fatty acid & glycerol
Glycerol
Fatty
acid –
Proteins = built from amino acids
amino
acid –
Nucleic acids (DNA) = built from nucleotides
nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide

9. Identify each example according to type of macromolecule. . .

10. Butter

11. Chicken Breast

12. Bread

13. Fish Filet

14. Pizza Grease

15. Corn Syrup

16. DNA

17. Digesting Macromolecules gives us energy
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
starch
glucose
ATP

18. Any Questions?

19. Stop & Read through questions in Carbohydrates
Work on your own
Pg 34–35 AND 44-48

20. Carbohydrates

21. Carbohydrates are built from sugars
sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar

22. Function of Carbohydrates
quick energy
energy storage
Structure
starch

23. Glucose Monomer
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

24. BIG carbohydrates
chitin
structure in arthropods & fungi
exoskeleton

25. Helpful bacteria How can cows digest cellulose so well?
BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals
Eeeew… Chewing cud?

26. Different Diets of Herbivores Cow
can digest cellulose well; no need to eat other sugars
Gorilla
can’t digest cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet

27. Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides
The monomer of carbohydrates is a single sugar with the chemical formula of C6H12O6
These simple sugars are called Monosaccharides
All monosaccharides have the same chemical formula, but different shapes.
Examples:
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

29. Carbohydrates: Disaccharides
Disaccharide = Double sugar.
They’re made by joining 2 monosaccharides

31. Carbohydrates: Polysaccharides
Polysaccharide = Many sugars
This is a long chain of monosaccharides
Examples:
Starch: Grain Foods
Cellulose: Plant fiber

33. Nucleic acids:
Information molecules

34. Nucleic Acids Function: genetic material stores information
transfers information
DNA
proteins

35. Nucleic acids Monomer (building block) = nucleotides sugar N base
Nitrogen bases I’m the A,T,C,G or U part!
phosphate
sugar
N base

36. Nucleotide chains Nucleic acids nucleotides chained into a polymer
phosphate
sugar
N base
Nucleic acids
nucleotides chained into a polymer
phosphate
sugar
N base
strong bonds
phosphate
sugar
N base
phosphate
sugar
N base
RNA

37. Nucleic Acids
Examples
DNA
RNA
RNA

39. Concentrated energy molecules
That’s One Big Fatty Acid!
Lipids
Concentrated energy molecules

40. Lipids Examples fats oils waxes hormones sex hormones
testosterone (male)
estrogen (female)

41. Glycerol HEAD
Fatty Acid
TAIL

42. Another way to Illustrate Lipids
Head
Tail

43. Lipids Function: energy storage cell membrane cushions organs
very concentrated
twice the energy as carbohydrates!
cell membrane
cushions organs
insulates body
think whale blubber!

44. Other Functions of Lipids in your Body
Sex Hormones (Look WAY different than the other lipids… they are in rings).
Signals from one body system to another.

45. Why are some fats solid and others liquid?

46. Quiz

47. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Animal (solid) vs. Plant (liquid)

49. Proteins!

50. Amine

51. Function of Proteins in Your Body
Immune System
Antibodies bind to specific foreign particles, such as viruses and bacteria, to help protect the body.

52. Enzymes
Enzymes carry out almost all of the thousands of chemical reactions that take place in cells. They also assist with the formation of new molecules by reading the genetic information stored in DNA.

53. Messengers
Messenger proteins, such as some types of hormones, transmit signals to coordinate biological processes between different cells, tissues, and organs. … Growth Hormone is a protein!

54. Structural Component
These proteins provide structure and support for cells. On a larger scale, they also allow the body to move.

55. Transport and Storage
These proteins bind and carry atoms and small molecules within cells and throughout the body.

56. Denaturating Proteins
Look Mom – I can denature proteins!!!
Milk protein separates into curds & whey when it is exposed to acids

58. Videos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBRFIMcxZNM
1:01:30 – Cracking the Code