1.  Integrated Media & Literature Mrs. Fuggiti

2. Lesson 17: Analyze Plot  Plot: the story line in a work of literature.  Subplots: A minor plot within a story that is not the main focus of a work.  Finding Nemo Plot  http://www.glencoe.com/sec/literature/course/course1/unit/ shortstory.shtml http://www.glencoe.com/sec/literature/course/course1/unit/ shortstory.shtml

3.  Plot is the literary element that describes the structure of a story. It shows the a causal arrangement of events and actions within a story. Plot Structure

4. Types of Linear Plots Plots can be told in Chronological order Flashback In media res (in the middle of things) when the story starts in the middle of the action without exposition

5. Pyramid Plot Structure The most basic and traditional form of plot is pyramid- shaped. This structure has been described in more detail by Aristotle and by Gustav Freytag.

6. Plot Components Exposition: the start of the story, the situation before the action starts Rising Action: the series of conflicts and crisis in the story that lead to the climax Climax: the turning point, the most intense moment—either mentally or in action Falling Action: all of the action which follows the climax Resolution: the conclusion, the tying together of all of the threads

7. The Old Man & The Sea Story  Read “The Old Man & The Sea  Create a plot diagram for the story identifying the following:  Exposition  Rising Action  Climax  Falling Action  Resolution Answer questions 1-5 Multiple Choice

8. Lesson 19: Setting  Setting of story is the time and place in which the events of the plot take place.  The setting includes:  Time  Place  Culture  Rituals  Customs

9. Lesson 19: Cont.  What could an author be trying to say about a place by using the following settings:

10. Lesson 19: Cont.  The setting of a story may be stated outright or implied from the details or the work.  If setting is inferred:  Look for words that tell when and where  Clues in characters speech or clothing  Means of transportation  5 senses

11. “The Gold Bug”  Read “The Gold Bug”  Answer Q’s 1-5 on page 159  Complete Multiple Choice Q’s 1- 5  Write essay as a class

12. Lesson 15: Analyze Characterization  Main Characters: round character. We watch them grow and respond to the problems and conflicts they face.  Minor Characters: flat character. Play less important roles in a story. Less developed, one-dimensional

13. Characterization:  Direct Characterization: the author directly tells you what a character does, thinks, or looks like. (example pg. 132)  Indirect Characterization: writer lets you reach your own conclusions about a character from what the character says and does and from the others in the story know and say about the character. (example 132)

14. Lesson 15:Characterizations  How do you arrive to an opinion about a person you don’t know very well?

15. Character Game! List the words that come to mind for the following series of photos… THESAURISIZE!

22. Stereotyping  What can appearance reveal about a person?  Would it help you if you could know the person’s thoughts?  This is how you establish character in fiction.  Pay attention to how Rosicky’s character is revealed.

23. Lesson 15: Symbols  We create opinions based on:  The way someone looks  Someone’s dress  Someone’s background  Stereotypes Pay attention to the “first impressions” we get from our characters and how these evolve.

24. “Bernice Bobs Her Hair”  Read story  Complete Written/Multiple Choice Q’s.  Highlight the story examples in story for essay.

25. Lesson 21: Point of View  Point of view is simply the vantage point from which the story is told.  Omniscient means “all knowing”. In this case there is no identifiable narrator.  The omniscient narrator knows all the thoughts and feelings of all the characters.

26. Omniscient Narrator Example  Once upon a time there was a girl named Cinderellla. Cinderella got her name because she was forced to work as a servant and sleep near the cinders. Cinderella was treated cruelly by her wicked stepmother, who was jealous of the girl’s good looks and sweet temper because her own daughters were ugly and mean.

27. Limited Third-person point of view  Story is narrated by someone who stands outside the story, but who sees everything from the limited vantage point of only one character.  All attention is focused on one person.  We do not know much of what other characters outside this one are thinking or feeling.

28. Limited-Third-Person POV example  One upon a time there was a girl name Cinderella, who was treated cruelly by her stepmother. Cinderella often wept bitterly in her ashy corner. Nightmares haunted her, and she feared that darkened scullery when the rats came out and played about her feet. At times, she wondered if her goodness would ever be rewarded,

29. First-Person point of view  This is when the writer lets one character tell the story.  This narrator can be a hero or heroine of the story, or a minor character is observing the action.  This narrator would speak using “I”.  As an audience we only know what the narrator reports to us.

30. First Person POV example  I had spent sixteen years sitting in the cinders of my kitchen. My stepmother must have hated me, because she made me do the dirty work. I could not understand the reasons for her feelings, for I had always treated her with respect. I slept in the ashes, and was tortured by nightmares and fear of rats.

31. To analyze the POV ask these questions.  Who is the narrator of the story?  Is this narrator a character in the story, or does the narrator stand outside the story?  Does the narrator know about all the action and characters in the story or is it limited to one character?  How does the point of view affect my reaction to the story’s characters and events?

32. Lesson 22: Mood  Mood: feeling that the writer tries to create by means of his or her choice of words and images.  Mood Article:  http://ezinearticles.com/?Writing-Mood&id=117321http://ezinearticles.com/?Writing-Mood&id=117321  What is the mood of this piece?  How do we know?  What does the author tell us about mood? Clip: http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=6963E 918-D511-42ED-A8A1- 449CCE96839B&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=6963E 918-D511-42ED-A8A1- 449CCE96839B&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

33. Lesson 22: Tone  The tone of a particular text expresses the writer’s attitude toward what he or she is writing about.  Non-fiction: serious/humorous  Fiction: Range from angry, bitter, sad, frightened, -whatever emotion your character may be experiencing ect. Review Tone Notes: http://www.buzzin.net/english/tone.htmhttp://www.buzzin.net/english/tone.htm

34. Lesson 22: Style  Style: his or her distinctive way of writing.  Word choice  Sentence length  Authors voice: fluency, rhythm, liveliness  Style: adjusted often for audience.

35. Lesson 20: Theme  Clip: http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=901 8B546-ACC6-4DAD-9ACF- http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=901 8B546-ACC6-4DAD-9ACF-  The theme of a fable is its moral  The theme of a piece of fiction is its view about life and how people behave.  In fiction, the theme is not intended to teach or preach You extract it from the characters, action, and setting that make up the story.  The writer's task is to communicate on a common ground with the reader. Although the particulars of your experience may be different from the details of the story, the general underlying truths behind the story may be just the connection that both you and the writer are seeking.

36. Inferences: Lesson 5  Writers do not always state every detail directly. Sometimes you need to make an inference in what a writer implies but does not directly state.  You make an inference an judge it’s validity based on what you already know about the topic from your reading.  Read Article: short answer & multiple choice q’s to be turned in.  Gillivers Travels: Inferences Gillivers Travels: Inferences  Blog!

37. Lesson 2: Fact vs. Opinion  Fact vs. Opinion Clip Fact vs. Opinion Clip  Read “Save the Rainforests”  Complete the “short answer” & multiple choice.

38. Lesson 3:Essential/Non-essential Info  First you must recognize main idea & supporting details.  Main Idea: most important info about a topic.  Supporting Details: the facts, examples, reasons, data that support main idea.  Supporting Details Supporting Details  Essential Information: provides you with important details or elements that help you understand the main idea.  Non-Essential Information: does not support the main idea.

39. Lesson 4 – Bias & Propaganda  Bias creates writing that is slanted toward a particular opinion.  Example:  A bar association official who writes and article that advocates increasing attorneys’ fees could be biased.  An officers of a professional group representing lawyers’ interests, that official has a vested interest in increasing the fees that attorney's can charge. An unbiased article presents BOTH sides of an issue fairly and supports the writer’s arguments and conclusions with relevant facts.

40. Lesson 4: Bias & Propaganda  Propaganda: to promote a one-sided argument aimed at winning people over to a cause.

41. Lesson 4:Propaganda Techniques  Propaganda techniques:  Loaded Words and phrases:  “Buzzwords”  Example  Buyers react positively to free (even if an offer has hidden costs).  Americans react positively to liberty, freedom, home, reform, honor.  Americans react negatively to taxes, ghetto, slum  Name Calling:  Attaching a label to a person  Fascist, pig, yuppie, extremist, terrorist  Euphemisms:  Substituting mild, indirect, or vague expressions for ones that are harsh and blunt.  Shell shock, combat fatigue, post-traumatic stress disorder

42. Lesson 4: Propaganda Techniques  The “Bandwagon” Technique:  “jump on the bandwagon”  Because everyone else is doing it.  Testimonial:  Reliable sources for creditability  “The president says”  “My Doctor told me”  Transference:  Call on the authority and prestige of something people respect and tries to transfer that authority onto something the person wants you to believe in or accept.  “Nine out of ten physicians recommend….”

43. Lesson 4: Propaganda Techniques  Bad Logic:  Sometimes and argument is based on false premises.  Example:  “All poodles are smart. Lexie is a poodle. Therfore Lexie is smart”.  However poodles may not all be smart like the writer thinks. = BAD LOGIC!  Fear:  Appeal to fear, warning that disaster may occur.  These can sometimes be legit.  Example: Addiction documentary for supporting details, show images of what could happen to organs, this is real!  Stereotyping:  Lumping all members of a particular group together with no distinctions.  Example:  “All housepainters are lazy.”

44. Lesson 4: Bias & Propaganda  Recognizing Bias & Propaganda Recognizing Bias & Propaganda

45. Lesson 26: Diction & Figurative Language  To create images writers use Figurative Language. “When she said jump in the water she meant it Figuratively not literally!” Use your word recognition skills! What is figurative? What is literal?

46. Lesson 26: Diction & Figurative Language  Symbol: make an item stand for something else.  “Good fences make good neighbors”  Private Symbol: The fence is symbolic of the distance of a neighbor.  Public Symbol: American flag, dove – symbolize peace.  Symbolism Symbolism

47. Lesson 26: Figurative Language  Similie & Metaphor Similie & Metaphor  Similes: use words like or as to make a comparison.  “Her hair looked like an abandoned bird’s nest”  Day after day, day after day We stuck, nor breath nor motion; As idle as a painted ship Upon a painted ocean.  Metaphors: comparisons without using like or as.  “Her strange hairdo was a recently abandoned bird’s nest”.  Literature:  All ignorance toboggans into know and trudges up to ignorance again.

48. Lesson 26: Figurative Language & Diction  Personification Personification  Personification: giving non-living things qualities of living things  Death, be not proud, though some have called thee. 

49. Lesson 26: Diction & Figurative Language  Word Recognition:  Bo Zhuyi, the Tang poet known for his simple diction, which made his work available to the less educated and helped to extend his wide popularity. Bo Zhuyi, influenced by his predecessor Du Fu, could deliver blunt and scathing, but feeling, indictments of social ills and injustices. His plaintive narrative verse, such as "Everlasting Remorse," based on the story of emperor Xuanzong and the famous beauty Yang Guifei, became household literature and was adapted for drama in later periods.

50. Lesson 18: Literary Structures

51. Rubric & Project