1. Aviation and its environmental impact
1st LT Zouhar Jakub
18th September 2014

2. Content Air traffic Airports New technologies and trends
New procedures and concept of air traffic management

3. Air traffic Air pollution – emissions Greenhouse gases
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Water vapor (H2O)
Methane (CH4)
Carbon monoxide (CO)

4. Air traffic Air pollution – emissions
Energy from the space is refelected from the Earth but is absorbed in the atmosphere. The atmosphere is heated to higher temperature.
Problem for all types of transport
Aviation about 2% of CO2
In the EU emissions from aviation increased by 87% from 44

5. Air traffic Noise pollution In the air / on the ground Engines
Jet engines – 140 dB
Turboprop engines – 130 dB
Piston engines – 120 dB
Auxiliary systems
Air-conditioning system, heating system, pressurization, other energy sources
Supersonic explosion
Jet engines – mechanical vibrations, intake turbulence, compressor, combustion chamber, turbine, exhaust nozzle
Turboprop engines – mechanical vibrations, propeller, rotor, compressor, turbine, exhaust nozzle
Piston engines – mechanical vibrations, propeller, rotor, air intakes, exhaust

6. Air traffic Noise pollution Factors influencing noise propagation:
Air relative humidity
Air temperature
Direction and wind speed
Atmospheric turbulence
Ground surface (nature and artificial obstacles)
Distance from the source

7. Air traffic Noise pollution
Within EU older types of engines should be removed or are given exception according to Regulation of European Commission published in 2002.
Now using engines and new engines are designed according to Annex 16.
Noise abatement

8. Air traffic How can we reduce noise? Passive reduction
Influence of terrain
Influence of vegetation (trees)
Active reduction
Design of sources
Engine position
Higher angle of climb
RWY in use (night restriction)
Noise reduction during approach
Air route design

9. Air traffic
Noise pollution

10. Airports Emissions Noise pollution Leak → underground water pollution
Aircraft, cars, trucks, public transport
Noise pollution
Leak → underground water pollution
Fuel, service liquids
Icing, anti-icing procedures

11. Airports Massive impact on countryside Huge area Infrastructure
Connections
Ecosystems
Flora
Fauna

13. New technologies and trends
New engine generation
Higher fan bypass ratio of (10:1)
More efficient
( %)
New technology and materials.
GE Aviation

14. New technologies and trends
New engine generation

15. New technologies and trends
Winglets / Sharklets
4 - 6%
Lower drag – Higher lift – lower consumption
Designers were inspired in the nature. They watched eagles and other birds of pride during their flight. They found out that feathers on their wing tips are curved up.

16. New technologies and trends
Electric engine installed within nose wheel
Recuperate the energy during breaking and absorbing the shocks during landing.

17. New procedures Continuous Climb Departure
Reduce noise pollution during take-off.
Lower consumption.
Angle of climb depends on many aspects – problem to predict future posistion in these days.
Fuel economy due to more fuel-efficient aircraft performance;
Reduction in both flight crew and controller workload through the design of procedures requiring less ATC intervention;
Reduction in the number of required radio transmissions - in general a published CCO-based procedure should require fewer controller radio transmissions than vector based departure procedures due to the fact that the complete aircraft trajectory is issued via the SID prior to departure.
Environmental benefits through reduced fuel burn and potential aircraft noise mitigation through thrust and height optimisation;

18. New procedures Continuous Descent Approach
při implementaci CDA na 20% evropských letišť, by došlo ke snížení spotřeby paliva o 120 000 tun, emise CO2 by byly sníženy o 400 000 tun a finanční úspora by činila 100 mil. eur ročně

19. New procedures 4-D Trajectory
New structure of SIDs and STARs at airports.
Absolutely new idea how to fly from A to B. Complication to maintain separations and air traffic management.
Mezi hlavní přínosy konceptu patří:
 efektivní plánování letových tratí,
 efektivní využívání vzdušného prostoru,
 vyšší předvídatelnost a efektivita letového provozu,
 snížení pracovní zátěže na piloty i řídící letového provozu,
 zvýšení bezpečnosti letového provozu (více času na monitorování provozní situace),
 snížení spotřeby paliva a produkovaných emisí letovým provozem,
 při vhodném navržení tratí snížení znečištění životního prostředí hlukem,
 zavádění nových letových postupů (CDA).

20. New procedures New software for ATC Arrival manager (AMAN)
Departure manager (DMAN)
System – Wide Information Management (SWIM)

21. New procedures
System – Wide Information Management

22. New procedures
System – Wide Information Management

23. New procedures 4-D Trajectory
New structure of SIDs and STARs at airports.
Absolutely new idea how to fly from A to B. Complication to maintain separations and air traffic management.
Mezi hlavní přínosy konceptu patří:
 efektivní plánování letových tratí,
 efektivní využívání vzdušného prostoru,
 vyšší předvídatelnost a efektivita letového provozu,
 snížení pracovní zátěže na piloty i řídící letového provozu,
 zvýšení bezpečnosti letového provozu (více času na monitorování provozní situace),
 snížení spotřeby paliva a produkovaných emisí letovým provozem,
 při vhodném navržení tratí snížení znečištění životního prostředí hlukem,
 zavádění nových letových postupů (CDA).

24. Sources www.eurocontrol.int sesar.ju skybrary.aero ec.europa.eu
en.wikipedia.org

25. Thank you for your attention!!!