1. 1 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Supplementary Slides for Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach, 5/e Supplementary Slides for Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach, 5/e copyright © 1996, 2001 R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc. For University Use Only May be reproduced ONLY for student use at the university level when used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach. Any other reproduction or use is expressly prohibited. This presentation, slides, or hardcopy may NOT be used for short courses, industry seminars, or consulting purposes.

2. 2 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Chapter 2 The Process

3. 3 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Software Engineering  The application of systematic, Disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software; that is, the application of engineering to software.  The study of approaches as pointed above. The IEEE definition

4. 4 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Software Engineering A Layered Technology a “quality” focus process model methods tools

5. 5 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Three Generic Phases of the software engineering  Definition Phase  Development phase  Support phase  Correction  Adaption  Enhancement  prevention

6. 6 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 A Common Process Framework Common process framework Framework activities work tasks work products milestones & deliverables QA checkpoints Umbrella Activities

7. 7 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Umbrella Activities  Software project management  Formal technical reviews  Software quality assurance  Software configuration management  Document preparation and production  Reusability management  Measurement  Risk management

8. 8 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Process Maturity  Level 1: Initial -- The software process is characterized as ad hoc and occasionally even chaotic.  Level 2: Repeatable -- Basic project management processes are established to track cost, schedule, and functionality.  Level 3: Defined -- The software process is documented, standardized, and integrated into an organization wide software process.  Level 4: Managed -- Detailed measures of software process and product quality are collected  Level 5:Optimized -- Continuous process improvement is enables by quantitative feedback from process, testing ideas and technologies. SEI five point grading scheme

9. 9 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Process as Problem Solving status quo problem definition technical development solution integration

10. 10 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 The Process Model: Adaptability  the framework activities will always be applied on every project... BUT  the tasks (and degree of rigor) for each activity will vary based on:  the type of project (an “entry point” to the model)  characteristics of the project  common sense judgment; concurrence of the project team

11. 11 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 The Primary Goal: High Quality Remember: High quality = project timeliness Why? Less rework!

12. 12 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 The Linear Model

13. 13 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Problems of the Linear Model  Real project rarely follow the sequential flow that the model proposes.  It is often difficult for the customer to state all requirements.  The customer must have patience.

14. 14 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Iterative Models Prototyping listen to customer build/revise mock-up customer test-drives mock-up

15. 15 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Problems of the Prototyping Model  The customer sees what appears to be a working version of the software unaware that no one has considered overall software quality and maintainability.  An inappropriate operating system or programming language or inefficient algorithms may be used because it is available and the reasons why they were inappropriate may be forgotten.

16. 16 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 The RAD Model

17. 17 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Problems of the RAD Model  For large but scalable projects, RAD requires sufficient human resources to create the right number of teams.  It’s necessary to get a system complete in a much abbreviated time frame, so if commitment is lacking from developers or customers the project will fail.  Not all types of applications are appropriate for RAD, they must be properly modularized.  It is not appropriate when technical risks are high.

18. 18 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 The Incremental Model

19. 19 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 An Evolutionary (Spiral) Model

20. 20 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Still Other Process Models  Component assembly model : the process to apply when reuse is a development objective  Concurrent process model : recognizes that different part of the project will be at different places in the process  Formal methods : the process to apply when a mathematical specification is to be developed  Cleanroom software engineering : emphasizes error detection before testing  WINWIN spiral model : suggest a framework activity to elicit project requirements from the customer.

21. 21 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Fourth Generation Techniques 4GL  Encompasses a broad array of software tools which automatically generate source code based on the developer’s specification.  A viable approach for many different application areas.  The time requires to produce software is greatly reduced.  They have already become an important part of software engineering, especially when coupled with component-based development approaches.