1. 3 RD Annual Manfred Lachs Conference Montreal, Quebec ICAO Headquarters March 16&17, 2015 Space Debris Removal as a First Step to Realizing a Legal Framework for Space Traffic Management Mr. Yu Takeuchi, JAXA, Japan Ms. Lauren Small-Pennefather, Canada

2. Towards a Comprehensive STM System  Current environment is not sustainable  “Congested, contested and competed”  More State and non-State actors amplify to add a fourth C- CHAOTIC to the triple C threat!  How do we define the rules of the road?  How do we engage?

3. Number of Objects in Earth Orbit by Object Type (courtesy of Secure World Foundation, Space Sustainability: A Practical Guide 2014) This chart displays a summary of all objects equal to or larger than 10 cm in Earth orbit.

4. The Equation…  22,000 objects in orbit +  1,100 active satellites +  Exceeding speeds of 18,000 per hour around the earth  = SPACE DEBRIS

5. The Space Treaties (courtesy of Secure World Foundation, Space Sustainability: A Practical Guide 2014)

6. Soft Law-A Model For Success  Promotes the safe and secure use of outer space and underpins the principles of the OST  Supplements an antiquated system  No single legal rule/obligation to regulate objects in outer space  Encourages bilateral collaboration  Increases collective State practice

7. The First Steps….  New international trends start with bilateral agreements  Relinquishment of rights  Sharing liability in case of damage  Removal is achieved under mutual recognition and consent

8. The Next Steps….  Bold decisions of state actors  Policy/regulatory/political/technical/orga nizational  Setting new standards  Unified collective approach to space debris removal  Uphold the spirit of the intent of the OST

9. Thank you for your time! Questions??? takeuchi.yu@jaxa.jp lauren.small@asc-csa.gc.ca takeuchi.yu@jaxa.jp lauren.small@asc-csa.gc.ca