1. Microsoft Windows 2003 Network Infrastructure MCSE Exam 70-293

2. Planning a Network Topology Chapter One

3. Exam Objectives in this Chapter:  Plan and modify a network topology  Plan the physical placement of network resources  Identify network protocols to be used

4. Lessons in this Chapter:  Windows Server 2003 and the Network Infrastructure  Selecting Data-Link Layer Protocols  Selecting Network/Transport Layer Protocols  Locating Network Resources

5. Windows Server 2003 and the Network Infrastructure  A network infrastructure is a set of physical and logical components that provide connectivity, security, routing, management, access, and other integral features on a network.  During a network’s planning phase, engineers select the hardware and software components that will compose the network infrastructure and specify the particular location, installation, and configuration of those components.

6. A Network Infrastructure  Implementing a network infrastructure is the process of evaluating, purchasing, and assembling the specified components, and installing them in the manner prescribed by the design plan.

7. Physical Infrastructure  A network’s physical infrastructure is its topology—the physical design of the network—along with hardware components such as cabling, routers, switches, hubs, servers, and workstations.

8. Exam Tip  Familiarity with the physical infrastructure of a network is prerequisite knowledge for the 70-293 exam.  You should be familiar with the functions of all the basic hardware components and how to connect them to construct a network.

9. Logical Infrastructure  A network’s logical infrastructure comprises the many software elements that connect, manage, and secure hosts on the network.  The logical infrastructure allows communication between computers over the pathways described in the physical topology.  The logical infrastructure of a network consists of both abstract software elements, such as networking protocols, and concrete elements, such as specific software products.

10. Planning a Network Infrastructure  To plan the infrastructure properly, a network designer must consider the requirements of the network’s users, its owners, and its hardware and software components.  A basic question What tasks do the network users have to accomplish?

11. Exam Tip  A large part of the 70-293 exam is devoted to the planning, implementation, and maintenance of Windows Server 2003 services, such as the DHCP Server service, the DNS Server service, and the Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) service. The planning process for services like these involves not only determining whether to use them, but also designing an IP addressing strategy and a Domain Name System (DNS) namespace

12. Implementing a Network Infrastructure  The elements of the implementation process that are covered in the 70-293 exam focus largely on the selection of protocols, operating systems, applications, and security mechanisms that satisfy the requirements of a network’s owners, administrators, and users, as determined in the planning process.  The exam also covers the process of deploying technologies such as the TCP/IP protocols, the DNS and WINS name-resolution mechanisms, and the IPSec protocol extensions.

13. Maintaining a Network Infrastructure  To maintain the network properly, administrators must have an intimate knowledge of the infrastructure and the technologies used to implement it.

14. Selecting Data-Link Layer Protocols  Connecting a group of computers to the same physical network gives them a medium for communication, but unless the computers can speak the same language, no meaningful exchanges are possible.  Understand the OSI reference model.

15. OSI Reference Model Physical Data-Link Network Transport Session Presentation Application All People Seem To Need Data Processing

16. OSI Reference Model LayerLayer NameHeaderProtocols & ServicesDetails 7 Application (All) Protocol Data Unit Telnet, FTP, SMTP, HTTP, File and Print, E mail, (WWW), EDI, SMB, NCP User requests network services here. Database and application services but not the applications 6 Presentation (People) Protocol Data Unit ASCII, EBCDIC, TIFF, JPEG, GIF, PICT, MIDI, MPEG, QuickTime Data representation and translation. Formats data for “presentation” to the layers above and below. Encryption, compression and translation. 5 Session (Seem) Protocol Data Unit RPC, ZIP, SCP, SQL, X Window, NetBIOS, NFS, ASP, DNA SCP Establishes, maintains and manages communication sessions between computers. Think dialog control. 4 Transport (To) Segments TCP, NBP, UDP, NCP, SPX, ADP, Windowing, flow control, synchronization Reliable transmission of data segments. Sets the stage for disassembly and assembly of data before and after transmission. Remember: end-to-end connectivity. 3 Network (Need) Datagrams or Packets IP, IPX, RARP, ARP, BootP, DHCP, ICMP, BGP, OSPF, RIP. If it’s routing, it takes place here. Decides how data will be routed across the network, in addition to the structure and use of logical (IP) addressing. Routers operate here. 2 Data Link Sublayers are MAC and LLC (Data) Frames MAC, LLC, Frame Relay, LAPB, PPP, calculating CRC or FCS, controls access to the physical medium Deals with the links and mechanisms to move data. Topology (Ethernet or Token Ring) is defined here. Switches and Bridges operate here. Remember: Framing. 1 Physical (Processing) Bits (1s and 0s) Ethernet, Token Ring, HSSI, 802.3, bit synchronization, physical connector specifications. The electrical and physical specifications for the network media that carry data bits across a network. Hubs and repeaters operate here.

17. Selecting a Data-Link Layer Protocol  Selecting a Media Type Unshielded Twisted Pair UTP  10 Mbps Ethernet standard uses the 5-4-3 rule, which says that a network can consist of no more than five network segments, connected by four repeaters, with no more than three of those segments being mixing segments Fiber Optic  Fiber-optic cables are also much less susceptible to attenuation than copper cables. Wireless Networking

18. Selecting a Transmission Speed  Standard Ethernet  Gigabit Ethernet

19. Ethernet Designation Media Type Max Cable Length Max Transfer Speed ConnectorTopology 10BASE-TCat 3 or better Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) 100 meters10MBpsRJ-45Star 100BASE-TXCat 5 UTP100 meters100MBpsRJ-45Star 10BASE2Thin Coaxial (RG-58 A/U) 185 meters10MBpsBNCBus 10BASE5Coaxial500 meters10MBpsAUI/DIXBus 100BASE-FXFiber optic412 meters (half duplex) or 2000 meters (full duplex) 100 MBps (half duplex) or 200 MBps (full duplex) Fiber optic connector Star (often setup only as point-to- point)

20. Gigabit Ethernet DesignationMedia Type Max Cable Length Max Transfer Speed ConnectorTopology 1000BASE-SXFiber optic260 meters1GBps SC Fiber Optic connector Star (either buffered distributor hub or point-to-point) 1000BASE-LXFiber optic 440 meters (multimode) or 5000 meters (singlemode) 1GBps SC Fiber Optic connector Star (either buffered distributor hub or point-to-point) 1000BASE-CX Twinax (usually a specialty cable) 25 meters1 GBps DB-9 Fiber Optic connector Star 1000BASE-TCat 5100 meters1GBpsRJ-45Star

21. Using Token Ring 802.4 Token Bus 802.5 Token Ring

22. Mixing Media  A router can connect any type of network to any other, so it is possible to select a different data-link layer protocol for each LAN.

23. Practice:  Choosing an Ethernet Variant Page 1-23

24. Selecting Network/Transport Layer Protocols  Using TCP/IP TCP/IP is a large collection of protocols that provides a comprehensive array of networking services in addition to basic Windows file sharing. TCPUDP IP Transport Layer Network Layer

25. IP  Almost all TCP/IP traffic is carried using IP packets called datagrams.  An IP datagram is something like the envelope you use to mail a letter.

26. TCP  TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, which means that before two computers can communicate, they exchange a series of messages that establish a connection between them.  Reliable.

27. UDP  UDP is a connectionless protocol, which means that two computers can communicate without establishing a connection first, and they do not transmit dedicated acknowledgment messages.  Unreliable.

28. IPX  IPX is also a suite of protocols that provides some of the same basic communications features as TCP/IP.  The IPX protocols were developed by Novell for use with their Net-Ware operating system.

29. NetBEUI  NetBEUI was the default networking protocol of the Windows NT 3.1 and Windows for Workgroups operating systems when these systems were first released in 1993.  NetBEUI is a relatively simple  NetBEUI is intended for use on small LANs and is not suitable for a large enterprise network.

30. Locating Network Resources  Determining Location Criteria The network blueprint also determines where the workstations for the network’s users will be located, and this obviously concerns the people responsible for the office floor plan.  Locating Workstations  Locating Peripherals  Locating Cables  Locating Connectivity Devices  Locating Servers

31. Example Network Plan Hub Router

32. Practice:  Blueprinting a Network Infrastructure Page 1-35

33. Summary  Case Scenario Exercise Page 1-37  Exam Highlights Key Points Key Terms  Page 1-40