1. Chapter 11 Section 1 The Stages of a River

2. Youthful Rivers Erodes its channel deeper rather than wider The river flows quickly Channels are narrow and straight

3. Mature Rivers Erodes its channel wider rather than deeper Has fewer falls and rapids

4. Old Rivers Low gradient and little erosive energy River deposits rock and soil in and long its channel

5. Rejuvenated Rivers Are found where the land is raised by tectonic activity. When land rises, the river becomes steeper, and river flows more quickly

6. Chapter 11 Section 2 Streams and River Deposit

7. Deposition in Water Deposition = is the process in which material is laid down or dropped. Rock and soil deposited by streams is called sediment

8. Placer Deposits Heavy minerals deposits at places where the current slows down Delta – a fan-shaped mass of material deposited at the mouth of a stream

9. Delta

10. Deposition on Land Alluvial Fan – a fan shaped mass of material deposited by a stream when the slope of the land decreases sharply

11. Floodplain – an area along a river that forms from sediments deposited when the river overflows its banks

12. Chapter 11 Section 3 Water Underground

13. Water Table The upper surface of underground water the upper boundary of the zone of saturation

14. aquifer A body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater

15. permeability A rocks ability to let water pass through A rock that stops the flow of water is Impermeable

16. Artesian Spring A spring whose water flows from a crack in the cap rock over the aquifer

17. Sinkholes When the water table is lower than the level of a cave is no longer supported by the water underneath

18. Caves Water that drips from a crack in a caves ceiling leaves behind deposit of calcium carbonate. Which forms sharp icicle shaped features

20. Chapter 11 Section 4 Using Water Wisely

21. Water Pollution Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances into the environment

22. Point Source Pollution Pollution that comes from a specific site

23. Nonpoint – Source Pollution Pollution that comes from many sources rather than from a single, specific site

24. Health of a Water System Dissolved Oxygen = the oxygen dissolved in water. Sewage, fertilizer runoff, animal waste, decrease DO Cold water holds more oxygen than warm water

25. Nitrates Excess of nitrates can decrease dissolved oxygen Alkalinity = waters ability to neutralize, acid rain and other acid waste

26. Cleaning Polluted Water Sewage treatment Plant = a facility that cleans the waste materials found in water that comes from sewers or drains

27. Septic Tank A tank that separates solid waste from liquids and that has bacteria that break down the solid waste

28. Where the Water goes 60% bathing, toilet flushing, and laundry 32% Lawn, car washing, pool maintenance 8% Drinking, cooking

29. Where does the water go? Video take notes

30. Water in Industry 19% of water used in the world is used for industrial purposes. In the U.S most of the water used in factories is recycled

32. Water in Agriculture Most water lost in farming is lost through evaporation and runoff. Drip irrigation delivers small amounts of water to help conserve.

33. Conserving water at home

34. Chapter 12 Section 1 Agents of Erosion and Deposition

35. Shoreline The boundary between land and a body of water

36. Wave Energy Wind moves across the ocean surface it produces ripples Size of a wave depends on how hard the wind is blowing and how long its blowing

37. Wave Trains Waves travel in groups Upper part of wave moves faster and grows taller, when too tall it cannot support itself and it crashes

38. The pounding Surf Waves break and crack rock, making new sand

39. Wave Erosion Wave erosion produces many features along the shoreline: Sea Stacks Sea Arches Sea Caves

40. Much of the erosion takes place during storms, when waves have more energy

41. Wave Deposits Continue Friday