1. After successful completion of one Lesson in this Module, you have learned to answer: What are the optimum conditions of temperature, soil moisture in terms of previous rainfall receipt, present rainfall, and wind for different farm operations like: land preparation, sowing, transplanting, fertilizer application, irrigation, spraying and dusting, harvesting? Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships Module VII Interpretation of weather for farm operations.

2. Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships Module VII Interpretation of weather for farm operations. Farm operation Temperature Soil moisture RainfallWind Land preparation > 0 O C (soil) 80 % of FC < 1 mm 45 kmph Sowing > 4.5 O C (soil) 40-80% of FC < 1mm 30 kmph Transplanting >10 O C (soil) 60-90% of FC - 25 kmph FC = Field Capacity (Field capacity refers to the moisture content in the soil when the soil is fully saturated with moisture and the downward movement water has virtually ceased.)

3. Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships Module VII Interpretation of weather for farm operations. Farm operation Temperature Soil moisture Rainfall Wind Fertilizer application >10 O C (soil) 30-80% of FC < 1 mm 30 kmph Irrigation - < 50% of FC No rain 25 kmph Spraying and dusting - < 90% of FC No rain <25 kmph Harvesting - < 90% of FC No rain - FC = Field Capacity

4. Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships Module VII Interpretation of weather for farm operations. Thresholds for spraying Wind speed < 8 kmphIdeal Wind speed 8 - 15 kmphGood Wind speed 16 - 22 kmphFair Wind speed 23 - 28 kmphMarginal

5. Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships Module VII Interpretation of weather for farm operations. Air temperature between 5 and 27 o C is ideal for application of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and fertilizer. At higher temperatures there could be evaporation losses. Any rainfall before 6 hours of spraying or soil application may result in dilution or washing away of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and fertilizers.

6. Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships Module VII Interpretation of weather for farm operations. With this Module, the Course on Crop-Weather Relationships concludes. To assess your understanding of weather and farm operations, please click on “Exercise” button in Module VII contents. To learn more about this subject, you may review the Web sites given in the next few screens. To review any Module, select that Module from Course contents Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships Module VII Interpretation of weather for farm operations.

7. You may click on the following Web sites to learn more about weather and its relationship with crop production. http://www.crseo.ucsb.edu/esrg/IOM2/Monsoon_d ef.html http://www.crseo.ucsb.edu/esrg/IOM2/Mechanism s.html http://science.howstuffworks.com/sweat.htm http://atmos.es.mq.edu.au/~aws2/hardware/YWin SenS.html Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships Module VII Interpretation of weather for farm operations.

8. Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships Module VII Interpretation of weather for farm operations. You may click on the following Web sites to learn more about weather and its relationship with crop production. http://www.millville.org/Workshops_f/Rowe_Scien ce/clouds_f/cldtext/clouds1.html http://www.agrometeorology.org/operational/instr uments.html# http://www.krishiworld.com/ http://extension.oregonstate.edu/mg/botany/env_ factors.html

9. Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships Module VII Interpretation of weather for farm operations. You may click on the following Web sites to learn more about weather and its relationship with crop production. http://www.agroecommerce.com/Agroecommerce/ BriefInfo/Crops/RiceInfo.asp http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/h ome.rxml http://www.usatoday.com/weather/tg/whighlow/ whighlow.htm http://kids.earth.nasa.gov/archive/air_pressure/in dex.html

10. Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships Module VII Interpretation of weather for farm operations. You may click on the following internet sites to learn more about weather and its relationship with crop production. http://www.imd.ernet.in/ http://www.ncmrwf.gov.in/ http://www.cln.org/themes/clouds.html To review, select the Module from Course contents Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships Module VII Interpretation of weather for farm operations.