1. Principles behind ISO/IEC 17025
J.E.J. (Ned) Gravel

2. Outline Brief history of development
What the accreditation process requires of assessors
How the use of principles benefits labs and assessors
The eight principles
Technical competence

3. About ISO/IEC 17025
“General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories”
It sets specific requirements for laboratories to produce competent (valid) results.

4. Development of 17025
Prepared by ISO/CASCO WG 10 and amended by WG25. Is now 5th version of the original standard developed within ISO (ISO/IEC Guide 25).
Groups of experts from around the world – some have 30 years of experience – national and international inputs: e.g., ANSI - NCSLI - SCC (Canada) - most of Europe – other national and international organizations
Competence is the issue
Also used for accreditation

5. Definition of Accreditation
ISO/IEC 17000: third-party attestation that a conformity assessment body fulfils specified requirements and is competent to carry out specific conformity assessment tasks
= recognition of competence
Laboratory Accreditation: The formal recognition of the competence of a laboratory to carry out specific tests or specific types of tests

6. What does accreditation require of assessors?
A determination of competence
Assessment of technical competence by trained assessors
Assessor must be fully cognizant of each requirement which applies to the scientific discipline within the scope

7. 17025 Assessor vs 9000 Auditor 9000 Auditor:
Have you defined and validated your technical procedures? Are they documented in accordance with the test standard or method? Are you following them?
Do your procedures ensure valid results?
Do you understand the science behind the procedures?
Can you foresee and cope with any technical problems that may arise?
Do you have the correct equipment? Do you have adequate personnel?
Have you calculated your uncertainties or do you know the uncertainty inherent in your testing procedure?
9000 Auditor:
Have you defined your processes, policies and procedures?
Are they documented in accordance with the standard?
Are you following them?

8. A concern:
Assessors may be required to defend a requirement to the applicant but may not be able to articulate why the requirement exists.

9. Principles: if no map, need compass!
Principles that underlie the requirements were developed and presented to ISO/CASCO/WG25
Ned Gravel represented Canada on this Committee

10. How Principles Benefit Assessors and Labs
Principles replace blind adherence to the requirements of 17025
WITH
Understanding that instills confidence in a system that should produce competent (valid) results
= VALUE ADDED

11. Value added, cont’d
Principles are not requirements and CANNOT be used to justify ANY assessment finding
Principles help us understand why a specific requirement exists.

12. ISO 9000:2005: “MODEL FOR EXCELLENCE”…has great strength in its clear basis on principles
ISO/IEC 17025:2005 PRINCIPLES… give an understanding of the basis for requirements

13. Principles behind ISO/IEC 17025
Capacity
Exercise of Responsibility
Scientific Method
Objectivity of Results
Impartiality of Conduct
Traceability of Measurement
Repeatability of Test
Transparency of Process

14. Capacity
Concept that a laboratory has the resources (PEOPLE with the required skills and knowledge, the ENVIRONMENT with the required facilities and equipment, the QUALITY CONTROL, and the PROCEDURES) in order to undertake the work and produce competent results.

15. Exercise of Responsibility
Concept that persons in the organisation have the authority to execute specific functions within the overall scope of work – and that the organisation can demonstrate accountability for the results of the work.

16. Scientific Method
Concept that the work carried out by the organisation is based on accepted scientific approaches, preferably consensus-based, and that any deviations from accepted scientific approaches can be substantiated in a manner considered generally acceptable by experts in that field.

17. Objectivity of Results
Concept that the results produced within the scope of work of the organisation, are mainly based on measurable or derived quantities.
Concept that subjective test results are produced only by persons deemed qualified to do so and that such results are noted as being subjective or are known by experts in the field of testing to be mainly subjective.

18. Impartiality of Conduct
Concept that the pursuit of competent results through the use of generally accepted scientific approaches is the primary and overriding influence on the work of persons executing tests - all other influences being considered secondary and not permitted to take precedence.

19. Traceability of Measurement
Concept that the results produced, within the scope of work of the laboratory, are based on a recognised system of measurement that derives from accepted, known quantities (SI system) or other intrinsic or well-characterised devices or quantities.
Concept that the chain of comparison of measurement between these accepted, known quantities or intrinsic devices or quantities, and the device providing the objective result, is unbroken for the transfer of measurement characteristics, including uncertainty, for the whole of the measurement chain.

20. Repeatability of Test
Concept that the test which produced the objective results, will produce the same results, within accepted deviations during subsequent testing, and within the constraints of using the same procedures, equipment and persons used during a previous execution of the test.

21. Transparency of Process
Concept that the processes existent within the laboratory producing the objective results, are open to internal and external scrutiny, so that factors which may adversely affect the laboratory's pursuit of objective results based on scientific method, can be readily identified and mitigated.