1. INTRODUCTION TO ENDODONTICS

2. Lecture Outline Introduction
Diagnosis of pulpal and periapical pathosis.
Indications for Root canal treatment (RCT).
Endodontic access
Length determination
Canal preparation
Obturation
Temporary and final restoration

3. Introduction
Endodontics: Is one of the dental specialty that deals with the tooth pulp and the tissues surrounding the root of a tooth.
Endodontists perform a variety of procedures including:
Root canal therapy
Endodontic retreatment
Surgery
Cracked tooth
Dental trauma

4. Endodontist Field Root canal treatment and retreatment Cracked tooth
Surgery (apicectomy)
Trauma

5. Diagnosis of pulpal and periapical pathosis
Medical history
Dental history
Clinical examination
Diagnostic tests:
A. Pulp tissue:
Thermal (cold, hot)
Electric pulp test
Direct dentinal stimulation (cavity test)
B. Surrounding tissue and tooth structure:
Percussion
Palpation
Periodontal ligament
Selective anesthesia test
Transillumination
5. Radiographic examination

6. Diagnosis of pulpal and periapical pathosis
4. Diagnostic tests:
A. Pulp tissue:
Thermal (cold, hot)
Electric pulp test
Direct dentinal stimulation (cavity test)

7. Diagnosis of Pulpal and periapical pathosis
B. Surrounding tissue and tooth structure:
Percussion
Palpation
Periodontal ligament
Selective anesthesia test
Transillumination

8. Indications for Root Canal Treatment
When pulp is irreversibly inflamed, or necrotic.

9. Endodontic Access The ideal endodontic access as follows:
Complete removal of chamber roof.
Remove coronal pulp.
Straight line access.

10. Endodontic Access Maxillary Incisors
Triangualr shaped access centrally between the incisal and cervical parts.

11. Endodontic Access Maxillary canine
Ovoid shape with broad buccolingually

12. Endodontic Access Maxillary premolars
The access is ovoidal shape and never round (2 canals)

13. Endodontic Access
Maxillary molars
Trapezoid shape (4 canals usually)

14. Endodontic Access Mandibular incsors
Access just below the incisal edge (2 canals in 40%)

15. Endodontic Access Mandibular canine
Ovoidal shape extends buccolingually (occasionally 2 canals)

16. Endodontic Access Mandibular premolars
Oviod shape extends buccolingually (25% two canals)

17. Endodontic Access Mandibular molars
Triangular with the base of triangle mesially and apex distally (35% four canals)

18. Length Determination
1. Radiography

19. Length Determination 2. New technology: Digital radiography
Electronic apex locator

20. Canal Preparation Canal preparation techniques: Standard technique
Step back technique
Step down technique
Passive step back technique
Balanced force technique

21. Canal Preparation
Step back technique: Starting at the apex with the fine instrument and working one’s way back up the canal with progressively larger instrument.

22. Obturation
By using gutta-percha and endodontic sealer after drying the canal with paper point.

23. Obturation
Obturation techniques
1. Lateral condensation

24. Obturation
Obturation techniques:
2. Warm vertical condensation

25. Obturation Obturation techniques:
3. Injection of thermoplasticized Gutta-percha

26. Obturation Obturation techniques: Carrier based Gutta- Percha
Oven with thermafil obturator

27. Temporary and final restoration
Temporary and final restoration should be made to prevent micro leakage or bacterial entry from coronal restoration

28. Thank You