1. Memory

2. Atkinson and Shiffrin, (1968) classic model of memory

3. Baddeley, (1992) ‘modern’ model of memory

4. Storage: Sensory Memory

5. Short-Term/Working Memory On the next slides you will see a series of numbers. I will also say the numbers out loud. After I say the last number, the numbers will disappear. Silently, write the numbers, in the exact order, on your paper.

6. 2831

7. 74139

8. 497215

9. 5183926

10. 16953472

11. 362514798

12. 6154983287

13. 89316427513

14. STM – The Magic #7 +/- 2 Short-Term Memory – memory that holds onto about seven sensory inputs for about twenty seconds

15. Retrieval Cues On each of the following slides will be a short sentence. You should read it to yourself as I say it out loud. At the end of all of the sentences, you will need to write down as many of the sentences as you can remember. You will only need to write the key words. For example, if the sentence was: “A bobby pin can be used as a key,” you could simply write: “Bobby pin, key.”

16. A brick can be used as a doorstop.

17. A ladder can be used as a bookshelf.

18. A wine bottle can be used as a candleholder.

19. A pan can be used as a drum.

20. A record can be used to serve potato chips.

21. A guitar can be used as a canoe paddle.

22. A leaf can be used as a bookmark.

23. An orange can be used to play catch.

24. A newspaper can be used to swat flies.

25. A TV antenna can be used as a clothes rack.

26. A sheet can be used as a sail.

27. A boat can be used as a shelter.

28. A bathtub can be used as a punch bowl.

29. A flashlight can be used to hold water.

30. A rock can be used as a paperweight.

31. A knife can be used to stir paint.

32. A pen can be used as an arrow.

33. A barrel can be used as a chair.

34. A rug can be used as a bedspread.

35. A telephone can be used as an alarm clock.

36. A scissors can be used to cut grass.

37. A board can be used as a ruler.

38. A balloon can be used as a pillow.

39. A shoe can be used to pound nails.

40. A dime can be used as a screwdriver.

41. A lampshade can be used as a hat.

42. Retrieval Cues Write down the key words of as many sentences that you can remember. The sentences do not need to be in any particular order. When you are finished, turn the paper over and prepare to write as many of the key words from the sentences again, but this time you will be given a little help.

43. FlashlightBalloonBrick SheetLadderKnife RockRecordNewspaper TelephoneTV antennaPan BoatLampshadeBarrel DimeShoeRug Wine bottleGuitarOrange BoardScissorsBathtub PenLeaf

44. Serial Position Effect Primacy Effect Recency Effect Next-in-line Effect

45. Encoding

46. Mnemonics Peg word Method of loci Chunking 1776, 1812, 1861, 1898, 1917, 1941, 1950, 1963, 1991

47. Ebbinhaus’ retention curve GOV, NUV, LOM, KEL

48. Long-Term Memory

49. A Quick Exercise in LTM Answer the following questions about everyday things that should be in your LTM 1.Whose portrait is on the ten dollar bill? 2.What two letters do not appear on a standard land phone? 3.What is the color of the top stripe of the American flag? 4.The bottom stripe? 5.How many red and how many white stripes does the flag have?

51. Retrieval Recall vs. Recognition, Part 1 ◦ Write down the number of any word that you believe is misspelled. 1.Acomplishment 2.Acheivement 3.Consolidate 4.Consistant 5.Reccommend 6.Maintainance Write out the word with the correct spelling.

52. Recall vs. Recognition, Part 1I 1.Accomplishment 2.Achievement 3.Consolidate 4.Consistent 5.Recommend 6.Maintenance

53. More recall vs. recognition On the sheet of paper, write down as many of the names of the seven dwarfs from the Disney version of Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs.

54. Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs SniffyZiggyHappySkippy DopeyStumblyDocGiggly ScoobyGrumpyStubbyGoofy BashfulScrappySleepySnoozy BossySneezyWheezyGiggles

55. Watch and listen carefully... G X C O T R L M B W Q

56. Silently, begin counting backwards by threes from 100 until I tell you to stop. 100... 97... 94... G X C O T R L M B W Q

57. Proactive or Retroactive Interference? Proactive – (forward-acting) the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information Retroactive – (backward-acting) the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information