1. Fig. 11-1: Applications of optical amplifiers

2. Fig. 11-2: Generic optical amplifier

3. Fig. 11-3: Amplifier gain versus power

4. Fig. 11-4: Erbium energy-level diagram

5. Fig. 11-5: EDFA configurations

6. Fig. 11-6: Gain versus EDFA length

7. Fig. 11-7: Gain versus pump level

8. Fig. 11-8: Output versus wavelength

9. Fig. 11-10: EDFA Noise Figure

10. Fig. 11-11: SNR degradation

11. Fig. 11-12a: Gain-flattened EDFA-A

12. Fig. 11-12b: Gain-flattened EDFA-B

13. Fig. 11-13: Passive gain control

14. Fig. 11-14: Wavelength conversion