1. 10.1 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Networking Concepts (2) Basic concepts and terminology  Protocol  Provides a set of rules and standards for data transfer  Computers must share at least one common protocol to exchange data  Defines the methods of formatting data into discrete units, called packets (also known as datagrams, segments, or frames), transfers these units across networks, and provides the rules for interpreting them  IP packet  Consists of three sections: header, data, and footer (also known as the trailer)  Packets are sent and received through network media (Skill 1)

2. 10.2 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Networking Concepts (3) Basic concepts and terminology  Network media  Consists of physical wiring that can be made of copper, fiber- optic, or even wireless (radio wave-based or infrared) media  This wiring is connected to a network interface card in the computer  Network interface card (NIC)  A computer can have more than one NIC installed  Each NIC has a unique address called the media access control (MAC) address assigned by the manufacturer of the NIC  Each NIC has a set of software drivers, which follow the NDIS standard for API development, to encode and decode data (Skill 1)

3. 10.3 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-1 Packet Structure (Skill 1)

4. 10.4 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Networking Concepts (4) Basic concepts and terminology  Binding  A process that configures a protocol to make use of a specific NIC  Provides information about available network services that client computers can use to make connections over a network  During the installation of Windows Server 2003, each protocol that is installed is bound to the NIC  Network Driver Interface Specifications (NDIS) allows you to bind multiple protocols to a NIC and enables each protocol to send information on the same network (Skill 1)

5. 10.5 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Networking Concepts (5) Basic concepts and terminology  Binding order  Establishes the protocol to use first when a network connection is established  The client computer in an exchange determines the protocol to use to establish the connection  You can manually change the binding order of the protocols to enhance network performance (Skill 1)

6. 10.6 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Networking Concepts ( 9) Basic concepts and terminology  Network topologies  In a physical ring topology, adjacent devices are connected and the nodes are arranged in a circular shape  Each device is connected directly to two other devices, one on either side of it, and no terminator is necessary, which is sometimes referred to as a closed loop configuration  Messages travel around the ring and each node will receive all messages, but each node only listens to messages that are addressed to it (Skill 1)

7. 10.7 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-2 Changing the binding order Use the Up and Down arrow buttons to change the order in which protocols are bound to the NIC (Skill 1)

8. 10.8 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-3 Bus network topology (Skill 1)

9. 10.9 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-4 Ring network topology (Skill 1)

10. 10.10 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Networking Concepts (10) Basic concepts and terminology  Routable protocols  Can route through LANs and WANs via a router  Examples include TCP/IP and NWLink  Non-Routable protocols  Can only be used on a local subnet  Examples include NetBEUI and Data Link Control (DLC), which are quickly becoming obsolete (Skill 1)

11. 10.11 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Network Protocols  All versions of Windows Server 2003 support the installation of the following protocols  TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)  AppleTalk  NWLink IPX/SPX/NetBIOS Compatible Transport protocol  Microsoft TCP/IP version 6  Network Monitor Driver  Reliable Multicast Protocol (Skill 2)

12. 10.12 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-7 Windows Server 2003 network protocols (Skill 2)

13. 10.13 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Identifying the Fundamentals of TCP/IP TCP/IP protocol  Consists of a suite of protocols used to provide connectivity across operating systems and hardware platforms  Is scalable, which means you can implement it in different types of networks, from small offices to large corporations  Is the core protocol for the Internet  Provides reliable data transfer because it is a routable protocol (Skill 3)

14. 10.14 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Identifying the Fundamentals of TCP/IP (2) TCP/IP suite of protocols  Based on a four-layered conceptual model called the DOD (Department of Defense) model  Layers  Network Interface Layer  Internet Layer  Transport Layer  Application Layer (Skill 3)

15. 10.15 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-8 The DOD model (Skill 3)

16. 10.16 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Identifying the Fundamentals of TCP/IP (7) OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Reference Model  Another model used to conceptualize network communications  Uses a seven-layered networking framework  In this model, data transmission begins at the Application layer in the sending device and moves layer by layer to the bottommost Physical layer  Each layer in the DOD model corresponds to one or more layers in the OSI model (Skill 3)

17. 10.17 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-9 The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Reference Model (Skill 3)

18. 10.18 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-11 The OSI model and the TCP/IP protocol suite (Skill 3)

19. 10.19 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Identifying the Fundamentals of TCP/IP (9) Application layer (DOD model)  Corresponds to the Application, Presentation and Session layers is the OSI model  Provides services that are used to access and manage resources on TCP/IP networks  DNS (Domain Name System)  Routing Information Protocol (RIP)  Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)  Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)  Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) (Skill 3)

20. 10.20 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Configuring TCP/IP  TCP/IP protocol is installed by default during the installation of Windows Server 2003  You need to configure the TCP/IP parameters to enable communication between hosts on your network  Two addressing schemes  Static IP addressing scheme in which you have to manually assign IP addresses to every network host  Dynamic IP addressing, in which an IP address is assigned to a host each time it logs on to the network (Skill 4)

21. 10.21 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Configuring TCP/IP (2) Static IP addressing  TCP/IP parameters to configure  IP address: A 32-bit number divided into 4 octets with two parts  Network ID (also known as the network address) identifies all hosts on the network  Host ID identifies a specific host  Subnet mask: A 32-bit value that distinguishes the network ID from the host ID, regardless of whether classful or classless IP addresses are being used  Default gateway: The default router for a TCP/IP host, which is used to access any network that is not specifically defined in the host’s routing table (Skill 4)

22. 10.22 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Configuring TCP/IP (4) Guidelines for planning the IP addressing scheme  The IP address range 127.0.0.0-127.255.255.254 cannot be used  It is set aside for IP loopback function, which is used to diagnose network connectivity problems  Use the Ping utility with any loopback address to determine if the local host is correctly configured to connect to the TCP/IP network  There are several groups of reserved IP addresses (private addresses)  These can only be used on private networks  They cannot be used on the Internet  IP addresses in the range of 169.254.0.0-169.254.255.255 are reserved for Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) (Skill 4)

23. 10.23 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-13 The Local Area Connection Properties dialog box Click to open the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box (Skill 4)

24. 10.24 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-14 The Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box Use to manually enter a static IP Address for a preferred and an alternate DNS server (Skill 4)

25. 10.25 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing IP Addressing in TCP/IP  Computers that use the TCP/IP protocol must have an IP address that identifies them on the network  An IP address is a 32-bit number that is written as four octets separated by periods  Each octet is an 8-bit binary number, which represents a decimal number in the range 0-255  To convert an IP address to a binary number, you must understand that each octet is written in base 10 and must be converted to base 2 (Skill 5)

26. 10.26 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing IP Addressing in TCP/IP (2) Classful IP addressing  The first major addressing scheme used for the Internet  Address classes  Class A: Has an 8-bit network ID hosts per network; supports up to 126 networks with up to 16,777,214 hosts per network  Class B: Has a 16-bit network ID; supports up to 16,384 networks with up to 65,534 hosts per network  Class C: Has a 24-bit network ID; supports up to 2,097,152 networks with up to 254 hosts per network  Class D: Used for multicasting applications  Class E: Used for experimental purposes (Skill 5)

27. 10.27 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Troubleshooting TCP/IP Troubleshooting utilities  Included with Windows Server 2003 to solve communications problems  Hostname  Ping  Pathping  Ipconfig  Tracert  Arp  Route  All run from the command prompt (Skill 6)

28. 10.28 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Troubleshooting TCP/IP (2)  Hostname displays the host name for the local computer  Ping  Verifies the host computer can connect to the TCP/IP network  Diagnoses network connectivity problems  You enter the IP address or the name of the computer you are testing for connectivity using the syntax ping IP_address or ping host_name (Skill 6)

29. 10.29 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-20 The ping loopback command (Skill 6)

30. 10.30 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Troubleshooting TCP/IP (3)  Arp is used to display and modify the IP address to physical address (MAC address) translation tables used by Address Resolution Protocol  Ipconfig  Provides information about the host computer configuration, IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway  You can display a summary of the TCP/IP configuration of your computer by typing ipconfig at the command prompt (Skill 6)

31. 10.31 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-21 Using the arp –a command to view the contents of the ARP cache (Skill 6)

32. 10.32 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-22 Using the Ipconfig command to display a summary of the TCP/IP configuration (Skill 6)

33. 10.33 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Troubleshooting TCP/IP (4)  Tracert  Used to search the route taken when data is transferred between communicating devices  Provides information about the links where communication failed  Displays the Fully Qualified Domain Name, if possible, and IP address of each gateway along the route to a remote host (Skill 6)

34. 10.34 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Troubleshooting TCP/IP (6)  Route  Used to display and modify the local routing table  You can use it to set the route you want packets to take to a particular network, including the default gateway  To display the routing table on your computer, type route print at the command prompt (Skill 6)

35. 10.35 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-23 Using Route print to display the routing table on your computer (Skill 6)

36. 10.36 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-24 Ipconfig /all (Skill 6)

37. 10.37 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-25(a) Using Tracert—two different paths to same end host (Skill 6)

38. 10.38 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-25(b) Using Tracert—two different paths to same end host (Skill 6)

39. 10.39 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)  Many network administrators prefer to automate the process of assigning IP addresses  Avoids assigning duplicate IP addresses  Saves time  You automate, centralize, and simplify the process of allocating IP addresses using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) (Skill 7)

40. 10.40 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP DHCP server database information  Pool of IP addresses (the scope)  Configuration parameters, such as the address of a default gateway, a DNS server, and a WINS server either for each scope or for all scopes  Duration of the lease for each scope offered by the DHCP server Introducing Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) (2) (Skill 7)

41. 10.41 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP  With a DHCP server installed and configured on your network, DHCP clients can obtain their IP address and related configuration parameters dynamically each time they boot up and when half of the DHCP lease time has expired  A DHCP lease is the amount of time that the DHCP server allows the DHCP client to use a particular IP address  The DHCP lease process occurs in four steps  DHCPDISCOVER  DHCPOFFER  DHCPREQUEST  DHCPACKnowledgement Introducing Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) (3) (Skill 7)

42. 10.42 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-28 Adding a networking service Click to open the Networking Services dialog box (Skill 7)

43. 10.43 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-29 Adding the DHCP service (Skill 7)

44. 10.44 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-30 Creating a new scope (Skill 7)

45. 10.45 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-31 The IP Address Range screen Enter the start and end IP addresses for the scope (Skill 7)

46. 10.46 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-32 The Domain Name and DNS Servers screen Click to resolve the DNS server name to its IP address, and enter it in the IP address text box (Skill 7)

47. 10.47 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-33 Activating a scope (Skill 7)

48. 10.48 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-34 Authorizing the DHCP server (Skill 7)