1. Graphics Programming with Python

2. Many choices Python offers us several library choices:  Tkinter  WxPython  PyQt  PyGTK  Jython  And others...

3. Tkinter Tkinter is the 'standard' library for programming Python GUI's because it is:  Accessible (lightweight and easy-to- use)  Portable (runs cross-platform)  Available (standard module in the Python library)  Well-documented Python's interface to tk, GUI library for Tcl

4. Code Example from Tkinter import Label widget = Label(None, text='Hello World!') widget.pack() widget.mainloop()

5. Hello World! Create new label, placed in highest level window Default arrangement (top side) mainloop() shows window and starts event handling

6. Packing pack() method invokes geometry manager which controls layout 'widgets' are arranged within containers (window, frame, etc.) Containers within containers → hierarchical GUI display Grid geometry as alternative

7. Code Example from Tkinter import * Label(text='Hello World!').pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH) mainloop()

8. Resizing Windows can be resized by default Expand causes all available space within a container to be allocated to this widget As consequence, centers widget if alone Fill makes the widget physically stretch to fill this space (BOTH means both horizontally(X) and vertically (Y))

9. Code Example from Tkinter import * widget = Label() widget['text'] = 'Hello World!' widget.pack(side=TOP) mainloop()

10. Code Example from Tkinter import * root = tk() widget = Label(root) widget.config(text='Hello World!') widget.pack(side=TOP, expand=YES) root.title('MyWindow') root.mainloop()

11. Code Example import sys from Tkinter import * widget = Button(None, text='Goodbye!', command=sys.exit) widget.pack(side=RIGHT) widget.mainloop()

12. Binding Events Def haha():  print 'Hahahahaha!' widget = Button(None, text='HAHA') widget.bind(' ', haha) Now, clicking this button(left) will cause your computer to laugh at you