1. THIS AIN’T KANSAS: PROMOTING HIGHER EDUCATION SUSTAINABILITY IN EGYPT Marc Rauch Sustainability Director The American University in Cairo mrauch@aucegypt.edumrauch@aucegypt.edu

2. Agenda For Today Establishing Shots Patting Self on Back The Interesting Stuff Challenges More Challenges Even More Challenges Wrap-Up Q&A

3. AU…What?

4. About AUC Founded in 1919, independent, non-profit institution American-style liberal arts education 6,500 undergraduate and graduate students, 500 faculty, and 2,500 staff Accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education In September 2008, moved its operations from 9 acres of campuses centered on Tahrir Square in downtown Cairo to an all-new, state-of-the-art 260-acre campus in the desert satellite city of New Cairo, 21 miles away. Built space jumped from 732,000 to 2,200,000 square feet and operating budget more than doubled

5. Campus Plan

6. Campus Aerial Photo

7. AUC’S SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAM: HIGHLIGHTS

8. Carbon Footprint Report The 1 st such report by a higher education institution in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). aucegypt.edu/about/sustainability

9. Energy Savings A 3-year (2011-2014) energy efficiency and conservation program has reduced energy consumption university-wide by 35%, saving $2-2.5 million annually in energy costs. This initiative will be featured as a case study in the 2014 Greening Universities Toolkit to be published by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP).

10. Water Conservation AUC has adopted a sustainable water management plan that substitutes recycled water for fresh water wherever possible, and is on track to reduce fresh water consumption by 60%.

11. Sustainable Transportation Nearly 70% of students, faculty, and staff commuted to AUC by bus in FY 2012. For the balance who commute by private car, AUC encourages carpooling by waiving campus parking fees for carpoolers.

12. Trash Sorting/Recycling 13 full-scale trash sorting/recycling stations and 30 mini-stations have been installed on campus. Full-scaleMini

13. Rankings/Recognition The fourth annual UI Green Metric worldwide survey of universities, released in January 2014, ranked AUC’s energy and climate change programs 25 th out of 301 universities surveyed, and its water management programs 39/301.

14. CHALLENGES

15. 1. BIG DATA (MESS) DUE TO UNPLANNED SHUTDOWNS

16. Find the Egyptian Revolution: 2011 January Revolution

17. Find the “Events” 2013 July-August “Events”

18. Find the Water Shortage 2012 Water Shortage

19. Unplanned Shutdowns Unpredictable campus closures caused by political events and infrastructure breakdowns complicate energy and water savings analyses. What we are trying to do about it: tracking unplanned closures.

20. Tracking Unplanned Closures

21. 2. FLY-BY-NIGHT UTILITIES (ELECTRICITY, FUEL, WATER)

22. Electricity “E GYPT SUFFERS REGULAR BLACKOUTS DUE TO WORST ENERGY CRISIS IN DECADES.” – THE GUARDIAN, 20 AUGUST 2014 “N ATURAL GAS SHORTAGES AT ELECTRICITY PLANTS PROMPTED THE GOVERNMENT TO CUT POWER SEVERAL TIMES PER DAY ” – E GYPT D AILY N EWS, 6 S EPTEMBER 2014

23. Diesel Fuel Lines in Egypt, 2013 Fuel

24. Water Shortages

25. Consequences for Sustainability Program Unreliability of public utilities and fuel supply means that vital time and energy must be spent just to make sure that utilities and services are available to keep the campus operating, before attention can even be paid to efficiency and conservation.

26. 3. DECK STACKED AGAINST SUSTAINABILITY

27. Carboun, 2011 Government Energy Subsidies Impacts of Energy Subsidies on Consumer Prices

28. Energy Subsidies as Percentage of Gross Domestic Product Egypt: $24.4 billion annually

29. Subsidies vs. Sustainability Energy subsidies in Egypt consume 20-25% of government’s budget Government policies of deeply subsidizing energy and water: – Undermine individuals’ motivation to conserve and increase efficiency, acting as perverse incentives to overuse scarce resources – Are renewable energy’s Public Enemy #1 – Leave government without funds to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy

30. Fortunately, at least as far as subsidies go, things are starting to change!

31. 4. BUY CAR NOW; BE SUSTAINABLE LATER

32. How the big questions, like whether to prioritize economic development or environmental sustainability, play out in Egypt.

33. Map of Ring Road: The Dream

34. Traffic on the Ring Road: The Reality

35. Why will Egyptians keep buying cars?

36. Wrap-Up: This Ain’t Kansas

37. Challenges for Promoting Higher Education Sustainability in Egypt Unpredictable Closures Skew Data Analysis Unreliable Fuel and Utilities Counter-Productive Government Policies Public Attitudes towards Sustainability

38. Q & A

39. Thank you Marc Rauch Sustainability Director mrauch@aucegypt.edu