1. The Principate and Imperial Rome The Pax Romana

2. Julius Caesar

3. Octavian/Augustus

5. Arch of Titus commemorates Titus destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE
Arch of Titus commemorates Titus destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE. Built in 82 CE by Domitian.

6. Despite the degree of peace and order achieved in the Roman Empire from the time of Augustus, the central government was inherently unstable and had frequent abuses of power and violent changes of rule. (31 BCE-180 CE)

7. I. Octavian Caesar as First Citizen of Rome (Princeps Augustus) and imperator
II. Imperial Institutions Replaced Republican Institutions (A Republican Façade)
III. Pax Romana and succession struggles for emperor

8. II. Imperial Institutions Replaced Republican Institutions
1. Controlling Legislation: The citizen assembly no longer legislated
2. The Army
3. Praetorian Guard
4. Bureaucracy: Imperial administrators
5. The Cult of the Emperor

9. III. Pax Romana and Succession Struggles
1. Final incorporation of the Provinces (212 CE)
2. Practice of Dynastic Inheritance
Julio-Claudian Dynasty
3. Acclamation by the Army
Year of the Four Emperors 69 CE
4. Appointing a Successor: Non-dynastic
The Five Good Emperors ( CE)

10. Emperors of Rome Octavian/Augustus (27 BCE-14 CE) Tiberius (14-37)
Gaius/Caligula (37-41
Claudius (41-54)
Nero (54-68)
Civil War (68-69)
Vespasian (69-79)
Titus (79-81)
Domitian (81-96)
Five Good Emperors
Nerva
Trajan (Not a Roman or even Italian)
Hadrian
Antoninus Pius
Marcus Aurelius