2.  Rome vs. Carthage (trading empire)  3 Punic Wars- fought to control Mediterranean Sea  1 st War  Romans build navy  Carthage wants peace

3.  2 nd Punic War  Hannibal- Carthaginian general, took over parts of Rome  Scipio- Roman general that took Carthage  Rome wins

4.  3 rd Punic War  Rome destroys Carthage & invades Greece  Rome was now the supreme power in the Mediterranean

5. A. Trade & Food  new wealthy class emerged- equites B. Gracchi- brothers, saw need for reform in republic C. Spartacus (73-71 BC): led slave rebellion of 90,000

6. A. Gaius Marius 107 BC  created a volunteer army - were paid & given land B. Lucius Sulla 88 BC  Civil war – became dictator

7. 1. First Triumvirate: Caesar, Pompey and Crassus formed a political alliance 2. Caesar brought all of Gaul under Roman rule

8. 3. Reforms a. Launched war on Rome b. Name dictator for life by Senate c. Increased size of Senate but reduced its power

9. 4. Ides of March- 44 BC  conspirators killed Caesar in the Senate http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nPYuxReh7fM&feature=relmfu&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

10. 2 nd Triumvirate A. Mark Antony: became disliked in Rome after his affair with Cleopatra B.Octavian : becomes first Roman emperor

11. A. Augustus- first ruler of Roman Empire B. Pax Romana- reign of Augustus

12. c. Caligula: “Little Boot”- wanted to name his horse consul d. Nero: Emperor who mercilessly persecuted the Christians

13. E. Nerva: the first of a series of rulers known as the Five Good Emperors F. Hadrian: built a big wall in Great Britain to keep out invaders G. Marcus Aurelius: the last of the Good Emperors