1. Chapter Four: The Roman Legacy Culture and Values, 7 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich

3. The Importance of Rome Cultural achievements Assimilation of influences Role of music Historical division: Monarchy/ Etruscan Age (753-510 B.C.E.) Republican Rome (509-31 B.C.E.) Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E. - C.E. 476)

4. The Etruscans and Their Art Rome founded in mid-8th c. by Latins Etruscans gained control by 616 B.C.E. Urban centers, engineering Social, leisure activities Trade, expansion Etruscan Art Primitive but sophisticated, natural focus Value emotion over intellectual appeal

5. The Bride & Bridegroom or Married Couple

6. [Image 4.2] Capitoline She-Wolf

7. [Image 4.3] Apollo of Veii

8. [Image 4.4] Wall painting from the Tomb of Hunting and Fishing

11. Republican Rome Etruscan expulsion in 510 B.C.E. New government Consuls, Senate, Patricians/Plebeians Political equality / Balance of Power Hortensian Law Increasing power / expansion Social and political unrest  civil war

12. [Image 4.6] The Roman Forum

13. Literary Developments During the Republic Ennius (239-169 B.C.E.) Annals Tragedies adapted from Greek models Plautus (254-184 B.C.E.) and Terence (185-159 B.C.E.) Roman adaptations of Greek comedies Catullus (80-54 B.C.E.) Roman lyric poetry Influenced by Sappho

14. Quintus Ennius

15. Plautus

16. Catullus

17. Literary Developments During the Republic Julius Caesar (100-44 B.C.E.) Commentaries Assassinated on March 15, 44 B.C.E. Marcus Tullius Cicero Lawyer, orator Epistolary legacy

18. Ciceronian Rhetoric Alliteration Allusion Analogy Antithesis Crescendo Climax Hyperbole Juxtaposition Metaphor Onomatopoeia Oxymoron Personification Simile

19. Roman Philosophy and Law Epicureanism Founded by Epicurus (341-271 B.C.E.) Extolled by Lucretius (99-55 B.C.E.) Intellectual and rational vs. self-indulgent On the Nature of Things Gods play no part in human affairs Pleasure and calm composure

20. Roman Philosophy and Law Stoicism World governed by Reason Role of Divine Providence Roman Stoics Seneca Epictetus Marcus Aurelius

21. Roman Philosophy and Law Julius Caesar’s Ius Civile Law of the Twelve Tablets Justinian’s Corpus Iuris Civilis Roman science of law Legal experts Natural justice

22. Republican Art and Architecture Roman portraiture Realistic details Express outer appearance and inner character Propagandistic Architecture as political medium Public buildings for glory of leaders

23. [Image 4.7] Bust of Cicero

24. Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E. - C.E. 476) Julius Caesar assassinated 44 B.C.E. Battle of Actium (31 B.C.E.) Octavian vs. Mark Antony Octavian inaugurated as Augustus (27 B.C.E.) Vast, multiethnic empire Emperor, bureaucracy, civil service Roman army

25. Publius Virgilius Maro (Virgil)

26. Augustan Literature: Vergil Roman art promoted Augustan worldview Official, public, served state purposes Vergil’s Aeneid Tribute to Rome and Augustus National epic of Rome Human destiny and personal responsibility Eclogues (Bucolics) and Georgics