1. Lesson objectives: To understand the changing employment in Mexico to evaluate the impacts of changing employment Key terms Push factor Pull factor Industrialisation Rural urban migration Formal economy Informal economy

2. Who would live here? Why? What job would they do?

3. low income country 76% of the population live in urban areas Population of 112 million 11 th most populous country in the world

4. In Mexico City there are more people than jobs Some people work in factories, such as television and technology industry this is the formal sector. Characteristics: formal employment, permanent jobs, regular pay,

5. Others work in the informal sector: Draw two columns, one headed “Jobs in the Formal Sector” and one headed “Jobs in the Informal Sector”. Put the jobs listed below in the correct column: * Fruit seller*Textile worker *Water seller*Prostitute *Hairdresser*Shoe shine person *Airline pilot*Shop worker *Banker*Bus driver *Electricity work*Car window screen washer

6. What are the impacts on employment? What about the impacts on where people will live? Then Most people worked on the land as farmers – large rural population Now Farming is mechanised Manufacturing takes place in urban areas

7. Rural – Urban Migration Rural Urban (Mexico City) The movement of people from rural areas (countryside) to urban areas

8. Manufacturing in Mexico City Looking at the map of Mexico City, why would US manufacturing firms locate in Mexico?

9. Mexico was originally mainly focused on agriculture but the growth of industry meant many people moved from the rural areas to the cities. In 1950s manufacturing became the biggest provider of wealth. Manufacturing has been attracted here due to: - a large and highly skilled workforce - large consumer market (plenty of people to buy the products) - Low distribution costs - Close to government who make the decisions

10. Mexico car industry MEXICO CITY--Mexico's auto industry expects to set a new production record of at least three million vehicles next year on strong exports to the U.S. 67% of all production goes to USA. Car companies manufactured in Mexico: Ford, Nissan, Mazda, VW and many more.

11. Re-export businesses have sprung up which are located close to the USA boarder, they are owned by foreign companies who process goods imported from the USA and re-export duty free (no tax!). This has caused many problems such as the growth of the ‘informal sector’ e.g. shining shoes.

12. Using examples, compare the shift in employment sectors in HICs and LICs (9)

13. impacts over 1000 people a day arrive in Mexico City New firms don’t take care over the environment Mexico city is surrounded by mountains so the greenhouse gases produced by factories are not blown away Health can be poor

14. 20 million people live in Mexico City The city takes water from underground (aquifers) These are not replaced by rainfall and the land sinks (9cm per year) Roads crack and buildings are unstable

15. Waste 10, 000 tonnes of waste per day is collected. The city generates 11, 000 tonnes – the rest is dumped in streets and in waterways

16. Homework: Exam style question Describe and explain the difference between the formal and informal sectors of employment. (4 marks) Bring in your answer for the next lesson – it will be peer-assessed.

17. Industrial growth in Mexico City Location Then Most people worked on the land as farmers – large rural population Now Farming is mechanised Manufacturing takes place in urban areas What would be the impact of these changes? Why did car manufacturers locate in Mexico City? Formal jobsInformal jobs Why are there many of these? What are the environmental impacts of industrialisation in Mexico City?

18. Finally... 1.Thinking back to the Clark Fisher Model – does Mexico seem to follow this pattern? 2.What problems seem to face cities that experience rapid city growth?