1. Compare & Contrast Hoover & Roosevelt

2. Today’s Objective
Students will compare and contrast the strategies used by both President Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt to combat the Great Depression.

3. Pair-Share
If you were President during the Great Depression what strategies would you use to try to combat the Great Depression and help those in need?

4. Herbert Hoover

5. Describe what you see
Who does the sign blame for their problems?
How does this make you feel towards Hoover?

6. Film Clip: Welcome to Hooverville

7. Election of 1928 Hoover (Republican) vs. Smith (Democrat)
Hoover: Pro-business, conservative, belief in the individual, advocate of small federal government, Protestant
Smith: Democrat, pro public health, workers’ compensation, civil liberties, government control of some industries, Catholic
Hoover won
Voters believed prosperity of the 1920s was because of the Republican party

8. 6 months after election the stock market crashed = worst depression in American History

9. Hoover Struggles with the Depression
Philosophy:
Hoover opposed any form of federal welfare, or direct relief to the needy.
Handouts would weaken a person’s “moral fiber.”
Relief, he thought, should come from private organizations.
Hoover’s philosophy angered and frustrated many suffering Americans.

10. Hoover’s Radio Address on Unemployment Relief
No governmental action, no economic doctrine, no economic plan or project can replace that God-imposed responsibility of the individual man and woman to their neighbors. That is a vital part of the very soul of the people. If we shall gain in this spirit from this painful time, we shall have created a greater and more glorious America. The trial of it is here now. It is a trial of the heart and conscience, of individual men and women (October 18, 1931)
1. Who does Hoover believe should help Americans during the Depression? 2. Why do you think he believes this? 3. What “painful time” is he talking about? 4. Imagine you are unemployed as a result of the Great Depression. 5. What are your feelings towards this statement?

11. Who did Hoover try to help?
By helping the wealthy, it was believed that financial health would trickle down to help people at the bottom
Known as Trickle Down Economics
This theory did not work. Businesses used the extra money to improve their businesses instead of helping the workers.

12. Who did Hoover try to help?
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
Highest protective tariff in the U.S.
Designed to protect American farmers and business from foreign competition.
It had the opposite effect – world trade fell 40%

13. Who did Hoover try to help?
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
$2 billion for emergency financing for banks, life insurance companies, railroads and other large businesses.
Believed the $ would trickle-down to the average citizen through job growth and higher wages.
To little, to late

14. Who did Hoover try to help?
Construction of Boulder Dam (Hoover Dam)
$700 million public works program

15. Anti-Hoover Sentiment
Americans grew more and more frustrated by the depression as time passed
Farmers burned their crops rather than sell it at a loss
As an insult to the president, shantytowns were dubbed “Hoovervilles, ” and newspapers that were used to keep warm were called “Hoover Blankets.”
Hoover, who was once seen as a humanitarian, was now seen as a cold and heartless leader.

16. The Bonus Army
In 1932, thousands of WWI veterans marched into Washington D.C. demanding their bonuses
The bonuses were not to be paid off until 1945, but they wanted their bonuses immediately
The Patman Bill would have given the army their bonuses immediately; it did not pass
Hoover decided to forcibly remove the war veterans by using tear gas
Many people were injured, several killed

17. Hoover’s Legacy Hoover could not effectively deal with the Depression.
He was viewed as uncaring and unsympathetic towards the sufferings of Americans
This would eventually lead to his losing the election of 1932 to Franklin Delano Roosevelt

18. Election of 1932
The Republicans re-nominated President Hoover as their candidate, yet they were aware they had little chance of winning.
The Democrats nominated Franklin Delano Roosevelt, FDR, a two term governor of New York.
Roosevelt won the presidency by capturing nearly 23 million votes over Hoover 16 million votes.
In the Senate, Democrats claimed a 2/3 majority and in the House they won almost ¾ of the seats.

19. Roosevelt won the election by a landslide

20. Franklin Delano Roosevelt 1933-1945

21. FDR Becomes President

22. The Rise of FDR 1910 Senator Assistant Secretary of the Navy
1921 Stricken with Polio and became paralyzed
1928 Governor of New York

23. The New Deal: What was it?

24. Roosevelt’s plan for fixing the Great Depression: “The New Deal”
Focus on helping Americans by offering the 3 R’s
Relief
Recovery
Reform

25. A political cartoon of the “forgotten man” shaking hands with FDR
A political cartoon of the “forgotten man” shaking hands with FDR. The caption reads, “Yes, you remembered me.”
Play speech; My Fellow Americans: The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.

26. Relief
The government will give direct help or relief to those who are suffering
May be food, clothing, shelter

27. Recovery
The government will provide jobs to help Americans recover from the Depression

28. Reform The government will regulate (make rules) for business
No more laissez faire

29. Roosevelt’s Actions
Gave “Fireside Chats” to calm people over the depression
Hired the best thinkers/problem solvers to fix the Depression (Brain Trust)

30. The Bank Holiday
On March 5--the day after being sworn into office--Roosevelt stepped into the breach and declared a "bank holiday," which, for four days forced the closure of the nation's banks and halted all financial transactions.
The "holiday" not only helped stem the frantic run on banks, but gave Roosevelt time to push the Emergency Banking Act through the legislative chain.
Passed by Congress on March 9, the act handed the president a far-reaching grip over bank dealings and "foreign transactions."
The legislation also paved the path for solvent banks to resume business as early as March 10.
Three short days later nearly 1,000 banks were up and running again

31. Court Packing Plan
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's "New Deal” faced many challenges in the courts
The Supreme Court struck down several provisions and statutes included in New Deal programs claiming that they were unconstitutional
The plan would have given the president the power to add one justice for every Supreme Court justice over age 70, up to a total of six
FDR claimed that the older justices were not able to handle the increasing workload and the additional justices would improve the Court's efficiency
The underlying purpose was to obtain favorable rulings regarding New Deal legislation that had been previously ruled unconstitutional
Ultimately, the bill does not pass.

32. “Packing the Court”

34. Wrap-Up Activity Hoover vs FDR
In this activity you will be assessed on how well you know the differences between Hoover and FDR.
The entire class will work together to place descriptions under the correct President on the board.
You can select only 1 person to place the descriptions. Everyone else must remain seated.
You will have 3 minutes to complete this task.
If you have the correct descriptions under the correct Presidents, all teams will win 10 extra credit points.
If any of them are incorrect, no team will get points.

35. Wrap-Up Activity Hoover vs FDR
You must do this activity in SILENCE!
If anyone talks…the entire class is disqualified!
You will have 30 seconds to choose the person who will place the descriptions on the board. That person cannot look at the description.
* begin clock

36. Compare and Contrast