1. Presented to: By: Federal Aviation Administration Airworthiness Human Factors R1 NORMS

2. Federal Aviation Administration 2 WHAT ARE NORMS ?

3. Federal Aviation Administration 3

4. Federal Aviation Administration 4

5. Federal Aviation Administration 5 Norms are standard practices, rules of behavior, usually undocumented. Norms are standard practices, rules of behavior, usually undocumented. Norms are usually developed to solve problems that have ambiguous solutions. Norms are usually developed to solve problems that have ambiguous solutions. A side effect of working in teams is the use of norms to guide a person’s behavior. A side effect of working in teams is the use of norms to guide a person’s behavior.

6. Federal Aviation Administration 6 NORMS Are short cuts or unapproved practices. Are encouraged or tolerated by the group. Have the potential to cause damaging errors.

7. Federal Aviation Administration 7 TYPES OF NORMS Positive Positive Negative Negative

8. Federal Aviation Administration 8 POSITIVE NORMS Are effective and appear to have an overall positive impact on the organization. Are effective and appear to have an overall positive impact on the organization.

9. Federal Aviation Administration 9 NEGATIVE NORMS Are ineffective and can have a negative impact on the organization. Are ineffective and can have a negative impact on the organization.

10. Federal Aviation Administration 10 CORPORATE CULTURE Can (often does) breed both positive and negative norms. Can either encourage or discourage norms

11. Federal Aviation Administration 11 That’s the way we do things around here!

12. Federal Aviation Administration 12 DISTINGUISH THE POSITIVE FROM THE NEGATIVE Does the norm enhance or detract from an established procedure? Does the norm enhance or detract from an established procedure?

13. Federal Aviation Administration 13 EXAMPLES OF NORMS Stepping over the tow bar during pushback. Working without using a maintenance manual. Leaving running vehicles unattended. Signing for work not done in order to get the aircraft out on time

14. Federal Aviation Administration 14 EXAMPLES OF NORMS Pushing the aircraft back without using Pushing the aircraft back without using a safety guide person. Signing off someone else’s work without ensuring proper completion. Signing off someone else’s work without ensuring proper completion. Verbal turnover. Verbal turnover. Running with scissors. Running with scissors.

15. Federal Aviation Administration 15 WHAT TO DO ABOUT NORMS? Look for the norms we use and live with at work. Distinguish the positive norms from the negative norms.

16. Federal Aviation Administration 16 WHAT TO DO ABOUT NORMS? Do this by discussing them and using your influence in the group to change the negative norms. If you’re sure, maintain your standard !

17. Federal Aviation Administration 17 Conclusion Questions or comments? Questions or comments? FAASafety.gov FAASafety.gov AMT Awards Program AMT Awards Program GA Awards Program GA Awards Program We want your feedback We want your feedback http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarte rs_offices/avs/stakeholder_feedback/afs/field/sf_ faasteam/http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarte rs_offices/avs/stakeholder_feedback/afs/field/sf_ faasteam/

18. Federal Aviation Administration 18 Thank you.