1. Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 4 Rajiv Kohli

2. Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 4.1 Schematic of the non-aqueous projectile tube cleaning system [69]

3. Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 4.2 Projectile launchers. (a) Hand-held unit. (b) Bench mount unit with projectile dispenser. (c) Bench mount system with nozzles. Courtesy of Tube Clean GmbH, Hinwil, Switzerland and Ultra Clean Technologies, Bridgeton, NJ

4. Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 4.3 Available projectiles used for cleaning. (a) Standard projectile. (b) Coupling projectile. (c) Product recovery projectile. (d) Abrasive projectile. (e) Grinding projectile [74,75]. Courtesy of Tube Clean GmbH, Hinwil, Switzerland and Ultra Clean Technologies, Bridgeton, NJ

5. Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 4.4 Examples of nozzles and configurations for cleaning. (a) Hose nozzle. (b) JIC nozzle and coupling. (c) Tube nozzle [75]. The top row shows the actual nozzles, while the schematics in the bottom row show the nozzle configuration during cleaning. Courtesy of Tube Clean GmbH, Hinwil, Switzerland

6. Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 4.5 Automated production level cleaning systems offered by Tube Clean GmbH. (a) Full automated system. (b) Mobile semi-automated system. Courtesy of Tube Clean GmbH, Hinwil, Switzerland