1. National and Regional Programs to Reduce Ozone Transport Metropolitan Washington Air Quality Committee April 27, 2005

2. Background Need for Multipollutant Controls Approaches Comparison of proposals Timeline for reductions Outline

3. EPA adopts Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR). Congressional and State legislative initiatives have stalled. OTC developing regional strategy (CAIR Plus). Background

4. Need for Multipollutant Controls Large portions of the eastern US designated non-attainment for 8- hour ozone and fine particulate standards For many regions, transport of NOx and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) plays a large role in non-attainment States need assistance to further reduce transport, and passage of multipollutant legislation is uncertain

5. Regional solutions required to reach attainment. 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Areas in the United States Source: U.S. EPA

6. Clean Air Interstate Rule 2-step regulatory approach reduces NOx and SO 2 in 2009/2010, again in 2015 States submit SIPs outlining compliance method within 18 months of final rule Cap and trade implementation recommended but not required. States may issue permits. Discourages states from seeking additional federal help with transport relief

7. Ozone Transport Commission Proposal Proposes NOx and SO 2 reductions believed to be consistent with attainment of upcoming 8-hour and PM 2.5 standards Reductions are larger and occur earlier than in other proposals Supports cap and trade program Encourages addition of large industrial boilers to program

8. Major Differences Timing of Reductions Size of Reductions Geographic scope

9. Pollutants Addressed

10. Summary of Pollutants Addressed NOx SO 2 HgCO 2 CAIR* OTC Yes YesNoNo Controls Yes YesYesNo * EPA has issued a separate Mercury Rule.

11. Geographic Scope

12. Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR): 28 states

13. Ozone Transport Commission Strategy: National OTC Region = 13 States. OTC Proposed Cap = National.

14. Comparison of Benefits

15. Summary of Benefits Note: OTC = National Cap. CAIR = 28 States.

16. Summary of Benefits Note: OTC = National Cap. CAIR = 28 States.

17. Ozone and Fine Particle Nonattainment Areas (April 2005) Projected Nonattainment Areas in 2010 after Reductions from CAIR and Existing Clean Air Act Programs Projections concerning future levels of air pollution in specific geographic locations were estimated using the best scientific models available. They are estimations, however, and should be characterized as such in any description. Actual results may vary significantly if any of the factors that influence air quality differ from the assumed values used in the projections shown here. Ozone and Particle Pollution: CAIR, together with other Clean Air Programs, Will Bring Cleaner Air to Areas in the East - 2010 Nonattainment areas for both 8-hour ozone and fine particle pollution Nonattainment areas for fine particle pollution only. Nonattainment areas for 8-hour ozone pollution only 104 ozone nonattainment areas (408counties) 36 PM 2.5 nonattainment areas with 195 counties 14 ozone nonattainment areas 19 PM2.5 nonattainment areas Source: EPA OAQPS.

18. Ozone and Fine Particle Nonattainment Areas (April 2005) Projected Nonattainment Areas in 2015 after Reductions from CAIR and Existing Clean Air Act Programs Projections concerning future levels of air pollution in specific geographic locations were estimated using the best scientific models available. They are estimations, however, and should be characterized as such in any description. Actual results may vary significantly if any of the factors that influence air quality differ from the assumed values used in the projections shown here. Ozone and Particle Pollution: CAIR, together with other Clean Air Programs, Will Bring Cleaner Air to Areas in the East - 2015 Nonattainment areas for both 8-hour ozone and fine particle pollution Nonattainment areas for fine particle pollution only Nonattainment areas for 8-hour ozone pollution only 5 ozone nonattainment areas 14 PM 2.5 nonattainment areas 104 ozone nonattainment areas (408counties) 36 PM 2.5 nonattainment areas with 195 counties Source: EPA OAQPS.

19. Timeline for Reductions

20. 2012 2008 2018 2019 2007 2004 2010 2013 2015 Reduction Timeline 8-hour nonattainment designations Moderate area attainment date Serious area attainment date Severe area attainment date 8-hour SIPs due CAIR Phase I SO2 Reductions CAIR Phase II Reductions CAIR=Clean Air Interstate Rule OTC=Ozone Transport Commission Proposal OTC Phase II Reductions OTC Phase I Reductions 2009 CAIR Phase I NOx Reductions

21. For more information Websites http://www.epa.gov/air/interstateairqualit y/index.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/air/interstateairqualit y/index.html http://www.epa.gov/mercury/actions.htm